PingEnshun，Wang Yuzhong，Ren Baoliang，etal.Development and evaluation testof automatic-seting wellheadplug[J].ChinaPetroleumMachinery，2025，53（7）：136-140.

Development and Evaluation Test of Automatic-Setting Wellhead Plug

Ping Enshun1Wang Yuzhong'Ren Baoliang1 Zhao Lei’Li Di²Huang Feng1 Shao Junlong' （1.BHDC Dounhole Technology ServiceCompany;2.No.2Oil ProductionPlant，PetroChina Dagang Oilfield Company

Abstract： The wellhead device is prone to washout in the process of slug sand fracturing or blowing while production，which makes it impossible toaddress the risk of wellcontrol intime，thus imposing aserious potential safety hazard.An innovative automatic-seting wellhead plugand supporting hydraulic fishing tool were developed. In this paper，the main structures，working principles，main technical performance parameters and features of the deviceand tol were introduced，and thelaboratory performance evaluation test was performedon the physical prototypeof the automatic-seting wellhead plug.The test results show that under the15 MPawellore pressure，the stop pinof the automatic-setting wellhead plug is pulled toalowthe plug tofall into the wellbore freely， so as to realize automatic release and delayautomatic setting，and meet the requirement of sealing at 5O MPa.The hydraulic fishing toolcan beused to pressurize1O MPa torealize automatic unsealing and pressure relieffor equilibrium before the wellhead plug issafelylifted.The developed plug and tool are ready for field testing，and they have been proved effectiveforaddressing the problem of wellhead washout ina short time.Thus，the plug and tool are prospective for popularization and application.

Keywords： wellhead washout；automatic-seting；wellhead plug; hydraulic fishing tool; performance evaluation test

0 引言

随着国内页岩油气大规模的勘探开发，桥塞射孔联作体积压裂技术得到广泛应用。由于体积压裂现场施工具有大排量、大液量、大砂量、压力高、施工时间长等特点，压裂施工高压流体段塞加砂或生产放喷过程中夹带砂体颗粒，对压裂井口装置阀板、阀座以及法兰连接处钢圈或钢圈槽的冲蚀磨损[1]，极易出现井口刺漏的情况[2]，造成井控险情的发生。近年来，压裂施工过程中出现了较多因压裂井口装置刺漏而造成井控险情的实例。例如宁 X₁ 井1号闸门刺漏事件，宁 X₂ 井侧翼阀刺漏事件和江 X₃ 井2号闸门和5号闸门之间刺漏事件等。通常压裂井口装置发生刺漏，需要用电缆或连续管带压下入实心桥塞，坐封桥塞并验封合格后，实施更换或抢修压裂井口装置的施工作业。另外采用高密度压井液压井[3-4]，容易造成储层污染，堵塞油气流通通道，降低油气产能。2种工艺施工周期较长，作业成本较高[5，而且无法在短时间内及时解决井口刺漏问题，存在严重的井控风险。

古小红等研究形成了“两封堵一隔离”带压更换采气树工艺。李长忠等7采用液压方式控制堵塞器封堵井口，实现采油气井口带压不压井换阀作业。王玉忠等8研制油管堵塞器、打捞筒以及配套的液压缸和防喷管等工具设备，形成了带压更换采油树技术。高广启研制了一种自坐封式油管堵塞器，有效解决了不压井作业结垢、结蜡管柱的封堵问题。还有其他研究人员主要应用井口液压装置[10-13]、钢丝作业[14-15]等投送堵塞器，坐封堵塞器，较少利用压裂后期井筒高压这一可用资源实现堵塞器的自动坐封。……