8种杀菌剂对玉米穗腐病的毒力测定及田间药效试验
2025-08-03汪亮芳杨小龙吴之涛常浩徐志鹏李文学马金慧任宝仓杨克泽
中图分类号S482.2文献标识码A文章编号 0517-6611(2025)12-0108-05
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2025.12.025
开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

TheVirulence Tests and Field Efficacy Trials of Eight Fungicides Against Maize Ear Rot
WANGLiang-fang,YANG Xiao-long,WUZh-taoetal(GansuAgriculturalEngineeringTechnologyResearchIntitute/Wuwei City MaizePestGrenPreventonandControlTechnologyovationCenter/GansuProvinceMaizePestsGreenPreventionandControlEnineing Research Center,Lanzhou,Gansu )
AbstractObectiveToselectefectivefungicidestoontrolaizerotMetodelabratoryviruleneof8fungicidesagaitaie earrotwasmeasuedusigteyelialgothateethod,ndeldcacyaclostroberductedungdesitoi tory toxicity.[Result]The result of Virulence tests indicated that 10% metconazole 5C,25% pyraclostrobin SC,30% propithiostazole SC and (204号 25% phenamacril SC had strong inhibitory effects on maize ear rot,and their EC50 were 0.001 5,0.016 3,0.031 4 and 0.0451mg/L ,respectively.Fieldtrialsesultsshowedthathe4fungicidesadgoodcontrolfectonmazearotandtheontroleectwereothoretan 60% , among which 30% prothiomethazole SC had the best control effect on maize ear rot,and the plant control effect was 69% .[Conclusion] The 4 fungicides can be used alternately in production.
Key wordsMaize ear rot;Fungicides; Virulence test;Field efficacy
玉米是世界三大作物之一,同时也是重要的粮食作物、饲料作物和工业原料。穗腐病是一种重要的真菌病害,在世界各玉米产区普遍发生,可由多种病原菌引起。国内外学者对不同地区玉米穗腐病的致病菌进行了分离鉴定及致病性测定等研究,迄今已鉴定出40余种真菌可引起玉米穗腐病[],这些真菌单独或复合侵染可引起该病害的发生[2]。目前,已报道的病原菌主要包括拟轮枝镰孢菌(Fusariumvertcil-lioides)禾谷镰孢菌(F.graminearum)、青霉菌(Penicilliumsp.)、曲霉菌(Aspergillussp.)等。在我国引起玉米穗腐的主要致病菌为镰孢菌,且各地的病原组成差异较大,以拟轮枝镰孢菌为优势种。
近年来玉米穗腐病的发病范围和发病程度呈上升趋势,一般年份发病率为 5%~10% ,严重时可达 30%~40% 。拟轮枝镰孢菌侵染玉米果穗后,不仅造成籽粒腐烂,降低玉米产量,同时病原菌所产生的伏马毒素严重影响玉米品质3,该毒素能够导致马脑白质软化症、猪的肺水肿、胸积水等[4-6]大大增加了对人畜的危害,严重者甚至死亡[7] 。
目前,玉米穗腐病抗病品种较少,化学防治仍是目前最为有效的防治措施之一,化学防治具有见效快、药效显著等特点,使用杀菌剂可在短期有效控制玉米穗腐病的发生和蔓延,明显降低籽粒中毒素含量,但目前国内暂未见登记用于玉米穗腐病防治的专用杀菌剂。因此,筛选低毒高效农药对于玉米穗腐病的有效防治变得十分迫切和尤为重要。……
