摘要：作为可再生能源的优质原料，浮萍植物培养及其修复污水能力是目前的研究热点。本试验以杂交浮萍（Lemnaminor与Lemnaturionifera杂交）为供试材料，设置两个 Z_n 浓度 （3.0，6.0mg⋅L^-1）， 和3个 NH₄⁺-N 浓度 （0.21.5，43.0mg^.L^-1） 组成6个处理，研究氮源充足的条件下不同浓度铵态氮（ NH₄⁺-N ）对浮萍生长及其富集锌（ Zn 效应的影响。结果表明，在不同浓度 Z_n 存在条件下，未添加 NH₄⁺ -N的处理组浮萍生长受到限制却能有效富集 Z_n ，而添加 NH₄⁺-N 的处理组促进了杂交浮萍的生长但减弱了其富集 Z_n 的能力。 NH₄⁺-N 存在条件下， 3.0mg⋅L^-1Zn 处理组浮萍的最大相对生长率为（ 处理组为（ 0.194± 0.012） d^-1 ，其中在未添加 NH₄⁺-N 的 6.0mg⋅L^-1Zn 处理组中，浮萍富集 Z_n 的单位富集量最大，为（ 8.458± 0.444） mg⋅g^-1 ，其余处理组浮萍富集的 Z_n 量均减少。能谱扫描电镜分析（SEM-EDX）进一步佐证了添加NH₄⁺-N 对浮萍生长和富集 Z_n 能力的影响。本研究结果说明，在氮源充足的条件下， NH₄⁺-N 能缓解 Z_n 对杂交浮萍生长的损害，但抑制其富集 Z_n 的能力。因此，在氮源充足的条件下，杂交浮萍能有效富集 Z_n ，而添加NH₄⁺-N 显著影响杂交浮萍富集 Z_n 的能力。

中图分类号：S555 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2025）06-0100-11

AbstractAs a high-quality raw material of renewable energy，duckweed culture and its wastewater remediationcapabilityare currently the research focus.In this study，the hybrid duckweed from the cross of Lemna minor and Lemnaturionifera was used as an experimental plant，and six treatments were set with zinc concentrations at 3 and 6mg⋅L^-1 and NH₄⁺- -N concentrations at O，21.5 and 43.0mg⋅L^-1 to study the effects of adding different concentrations of ammonium nitrogen （ NH₄⁺-N ） on the growth and Zn enrichment of duckweed under sufficient nitrogen source. The results showed that under the conditions of Zn ，duckweed growth could be limited but its Zn enrichment capability could be promoted when without NH4-Naddition，while it was opposite when with NH addition. Under NH₄⁺-N addition， the maximum relative growth rate of duckweed under the treatment with 3.0mg⋅L^-1Zn was （ 0.246±0.015）d^-1 ，and that under the treatment with 6.0 mg·L-1 Zn was （ （0.194±0.012 ） d^-1 . Under the treatment with 6.0mg⋅g^-1Zn and without NH₄⁺-N addition， the maximum enrichment amount of Z_n by duckweed was （8.458±0.444）mg⋅g^-1 ，but the Zn enrichment by duckweed in the other treatments decreased. The addition of NH₄⁺-N affecting the growth and Z_n enrichment capability of duckweed was further confirmed by the Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive XRay Analysis （SEM-EDX）. The results of this study indicated that NH₄⁺-N could alleviate the damage of Zn to duckweed growth but inhibit its Z_n enrichment capability under the condition of sufficient nitrogen source. Hence，the hybrid duckweed could bioaccumulate Z_n effectively in the condition of sufficient nitrogen source， however， the addition of NH₄⁺⋅ -N could significantly affect its Zn enrichment capacity.

KeyWordsDuckweed; Phytoremediation; Zinc enrichment ; Ammonium nitrogen ; Relative growth rate ; Enrichment coefficient；Tolerance index

浮萍是一种常见的最小水生漂浮植物，结构简单，主要有Spirodela、Landoltia、Lemna、Wolffella和Wolfa等5个属约40个种，分布全球。它们主要生长在池塘、湖泊等自然环境中，也能在一些污水中生长；在适宜条件下，浮萍的生物量每 2d 即可翻倍，生长速度超过大多数植物（包括作物）[1]。因浮萍具有易培养、产量高、繁殖速度快、生物量大、生命周期短等特点，成为新型生物可再生能源的优质原料，是清洁生物气体制备的重要资源[2]；又由于浮萍具有耐受污染能力强、适应性高、高效富集污染物等特点，被广泛应用于重金属等污染物植物修复中[3-6]。……