关键词：百合；化肥减量配施有机肥；土壤质量；王壤 CO₂ 排放；养分吸收；产量中图分类号：S644.1 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2025）06-0087-08

AbstractThis study was conducted with Lillium cv. Sorbonne in the Qicai Lily Garden of Yushan Town，Linshu County，Linyi City，Shandong Province in two consecutive years from 2021 to 2O22.Four treatments were set as no fertilizer（CK），single chemical fertilizer application（NPK），chemical fertilizer reduction of 20% in combination with organic fertilizer （MNPK），and chemical fertilizer reduction of 20% in combination with biorganic fertilizer（BNPK）.The fects of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on lily plant nutrient uptake and yield， soil fertility and CO₂ emission characteristics were studied. The results showed that MNPK and BNPK treatments were beneficial to increasing soil nutrient content，soil enzyme activity and microbial abundance compared with CK and NPK treatments. The soil CO₂ emission rate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing under diffrent treatments with the advancement of growth period， and the highest rate occurred in July. The cumulative soil CO₂ emission showed BNPK gt; MNPKgt; NPK gt; CK，and that of MNPK and BNPK treatments increased by 18.47% and 22.57% ，respectively compared with NPK treatment. The organ N，P and K contents under NPK，MNPK and BNPK treatments were generally higher than those of CK treatment.In the two yearsof the experiment，the yield of lily treated with MNPK and BNPK increased significantly by 26.60% and 21.96% ， 36.02% and 30.05% compared to those treated with NPK. Compared to NPK treatment，the contribution rate of fertilizer under MNPK and BNPK treatments increased significantly by 50.50% and 63.64% in 2021，and 37.08% and 47.58% in 2022，respectively. In addition，the yield and fertilizer contribution rate of BNPK treatment were higher than that of MNPK treatment， but the diffrence was not significant. In summary，organic fertilizer had the potential to replace some chemical fertilizer in improving soil quality， increasing soil CO₂ emission，and increasing nutrient uptake and yield of lily plants.These results could provide scientific references for chemical fertilizer reduction，quality and efficiency improvement and sustainable development of lily industry.

KeywordsLily； Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer application；Soil quality： Soil CO₂ emission; Nutrient uptake；Yield

化肥作为农业生产的重要投人品，对植物生长发育及作物产量、品质具有关键调控作用[]据联合国粮农组织统计，当前全球化肥年消费量已达约190亿吨，其中我国占比高达 25% ，居全球首位[2]。然而，我国单位面积化肥施用量达393.2kg⋅hm^-2 ，显著超出国际环境安全阈值（225kg⋅hm^-2. ），分别是美国和欧盟的3.05倍与2.54倍[3]。更为严峻的是，我国氮肥、磷肥、钾肥利用率普遍偏低，分别为 35%～40%.8%～46%.35%～ 50% ，与发达国家相比存在明显差距[4]。长期过量施用化肥不仅导致土壤板结、酸化等理化性质退化，还会引发作物产量和品质下降、农业面源污染加剧等问题，同时造成资源浪费与经济负担，削弱农产品国际市场竞争力。

相较于化肥，有机肥在改良土壤结构、增强养分保蓄能力、提升作物品质及生态风险调控能力等方面具有显著优势[5]。但受限于其养分浓度低（通常不足 5% ）、释放速率缓慢等特性，难以独立满足作物关键生育期营养需求[6]。近年来的研究表明，通过“化肥减量配施有机肥”模式，既能保障作物生长所需速效养分，又能持续培肥地力，在维持高产稳产的同时降低环境负荷。该模式已通过多区域田间试验验证，其增产幅度达8%～15% ，土壤有机质提升 0.2～0.5g⋅kg^-1 ，展现出显著的生态经济效益[7-13] 。

与单施化肥相比，化肥与有机肥配合施用可改善土壤条件，促进植物生长和产量提升。马荣辉等[7]研究表明，化肥减量配施有机肥可以增加设施番茄产量、改善设施番茄品质和提升土壤肥力，因此化肥减量配施有机肥是提高设施番茄产量、品质及土壤肥力的有效措施，其中有机肥替代30% 化肥的效果最好。……