关键词：小麦；贝莱斯芽孢杆菌；系统抗性；营养品质；土壤养分；相关性分析中图分类号：S512.1 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2025）06-0071-07

AbstractIn this experiment，Jimai 44 was used as test material to studythe effcts of Bacillus velezensis application by spraying and irrigation on systemic resistance of wheat seedlings，nutrient content in rhizosphere soil，dry matter accumulation，and grain yield and quality of wheat，as well as the correlations among the indicators.The results showed that compared with the control （water，CK），the application of B. velezensis at the appropriate concentration significantly increased the Vc，flavonoids and proline contents and the peroxidase （POD），superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） activities in leaves of wheat at seedling stage， thereby significantly improved the systemic resistance level of wheat at seedling stage. Compared with CK，the application of B . velezensis at the appropriate concentration in field could significantly increase the contents of ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil of wheat in short term，and significantly increase the dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation of wheat. The application of B . velezensis at the appropriate concentration at seedling stage significantly increased the number of wheat ears and the contents of amino acids and starch in grains， but had no significant effect on the number of grains per ear， 1000 -grain weight，yield and protein content in grains.The results of correlation analysis indicated that high systemic resistance at seedling stage was conducive to the dry matter accumulation of wheat plants； high Vc content and SOD activity in seedling leaves were beneficial to the accumulation of nitrogen in wheat plants；high SOD activity was conducive to phosphorus accumulation in wheat plants;high flavonol content and antioxidant enzyme activity were beneficial to the synthesis and accumulation of amino acids in wheat grains； high accumulation of dry matter in wheat was conducive to the synthesis and accumulation of amino acids and starch in grains ； high contents of ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil during seedling stage were beneficial to the increase of wheat ear number and the contents of amino acids and starch in grains.These conclusions could provide theoretical and data supports for further utilization of B . velezensis to improve the quality and efficiency of wheat production.

KeywordsWheat；Bacillus velezensis ； Systemic resistance；Nutritional quality；Soil nutrients；Correla·tion analysis

小麦（TriticumaestivumL.）作为我国主要粮食作物之一，市场需求量大，种植面积广，营养价值高，对保障我国农业安全生产、稳定社会经济向好向上发展具有重要意义。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（Bacillusvelezensis，B.v.）属于芽孢杆菌属（Bacil-lus），能分泌产生多种活性酶类将大分子物质分解成小分子物质，使其更易被植物吸收利用[]近年来贝莱斯芽孢杆菌已在水稻[2]、黑胡椒[3]花生[4]、番茄[5]、茄子[6]等作物蔬果的促生增产和病害防治等方面得到广泛应用，对于提升作物营养品质和抗病抗逆能力，促进作物生长和提升作物产量具有重要作用[]。但截至目前，贝莱斯芽孢杆菌在小麦生产上的相关利用和研究仍相对匮乏。

作为营养生长的关键时期，小麦苗期系统抗性水平不仅会影响其成苗率和生长状况，还会直接影响到小麦籽粒营养品质和最终产量[8-9]。小麦生长所需矿物养分来源于土壤，土壤养分水平会影响小麦植株对营养元素的吸收利用及籽粒营养物质的积累分配，因而苗期土壤速效养分和有机质水平对小麦营养物质的合成积累具有重要作用[10]。前人关于微生物对土壤影响的研究普遍集中在土壤菌群结构及酶活性等方面，而对苗期土壤养分水平影响的研究较少。微生物对土壤养分、作物营养和生理生化特性等方面影响的研究往往都是独立开展的，这不利于全面了解微生物对农业生产的作用。……