中图分类号：S781.1 文献标识码：A DOI： 10.7525/j.issn.1006-8023.2025.04.009

Abstract：The macro structure，micro structure and cell morphologyof the Dalbergia cultrata wood were measured and analyzed byusing zoom stereromicroscope，digitalmicroscope and image measuringanalysis system，and the wood density was determined at the same time. The results showed that the wood color of the D . cultrata wood was purple red; the growth rings were obvious；the woodwas scatered with holes，andthecombinationtypeof the wood vessels was mainly single vessels，afew were radial multiple vessels，and the shape of the vessl cells was mainlydrum-shaped；the wood fiber cells were superimposed，with smallcavityand thick，and thecellength-width ratioandwallcavityratio were 48.84and O.81，respectively.The xylem rays were fine，imposed，and homomorphic 2-3 columns，withaheightof 5- 9cellsandalength-widthratioof 5.17.Theaxial parenchyma wassuperimposed，abundant，wing-shapedorconcentric paratrachealbelt-shaped;thecellength-width ratio was 6.36.Crystallinecells were mostlydivided intocompartments containingcrystals，with as manyas17crystalline particles.The wave patern was slightly visibleunder the eye；the wood grain was straightand the structure was fine.The woodfiberand crystalcellsaccountedforthe largestand smallst proportionof the wood tissue percentages，respectively；the wood tissue percentages coulddeeply understandthe growth of trees and the propertiesof wood.The wood density was large，andthe density，air-dried densityand oven-dried density of the wood were 0.85，1. 04， 0.94g/cm³ ，respectively. The above analysis perfected the theory of wood anatomical structure and provided theoretical basis for wood identificationand appraisal.

Keywords： Hongmu; Dalbergia spp.； Dalbergia cultrata；wood structure;cellmorphology;；Tissue percentages;wood density

0 引言

研究木材的构造可以为木材的识别、鉴定提供重要依据，许多学者都对木材的构造进行了大量的研究，对宏观构造和微观结构特征的分析提取，特别是对结构相似的木材进行对比分析，总结出木材的构造特征。如刘守佳等1对桃花心木属3种树种木材的构造特征进行研究，揭示木材构造特征的种间和种内变异规律；许沁等2从木材构造特征角度详细阐述了檀香木和非洲螺穗木的主要辨别要点；张贝等3对降香黄檀及多种假冒降香黄檀木材进行取样及实验室解剖，总结出降香黄檀木材的独特构造；刘志红等4从聚类分析角度比较槭属5树种木材解剖特征；雷福娟等[5]研究表明香合欢木材\"V\"字或山水状花纹明显；李萍等对4种常见仿沉香木的木材构造特征进行比较，得出沉香木岛屿式内涵韧皮部为沉香属木材的重要鉴别特征；陈思禹等[7对阔叶黄檀与毛榄仁材种进行结构比较，得出薄壁组织与木射线的差异是辨别阔叶黄檀与毛榄仁最主要依据;陈居静[8]、黄广华等[9-11]、邓冬丽等[12]对红木类黑酸枝木材如东非黑黄檀、阔叶黄檀，红酸枝木材如巴里黄檀、奥氏黄檀、交趾黄檀的木材结构进行对比分析，总结出各种木材的导管、木纤维等细胞结构特征;卢翠香等[13]、周旭等[14]把刀状黑黄檀与阔叶黄檀、卢氏黑黄檀的木材结构进行对比分析，总结出宏观、微观结构上的特征。

刀状黑黄檀（Dalbergiacultrata）是豆科（Legumino-sae）黄檀属（Dalbergia）的一种高大落叶乔木，根据中国国家标准《红木》（GB/T18107—2017）分类，属于黑酸枝木，是珍贵的红木树种之一[15]。……