中图分类号：S776.2 文献标识码：A DOI： 10.7525/j.issn.1006-8023.2025.04.019

Abstract：Toaddress theissesoflowefficiency，highlaborcost，andsafetyrisksassociated with manual harvestingof deep-striped walnuts in Yunnan，and toprovideatheoretical basis forthe designof deep-striped walnuts branch-shaking harvesting equipment，a studyon the vibrationparameters fordeep-striped walnut harvesting was conducted.A dynamic modelforvibration-based harvestingof deep-striped walnuts was established，andthe primaryfactors afecting harvesting performance wereanalyzed.Through staticand dynamic detachment force tests，the operational parameter range for deep-striped walnuts vibration harvesting was determined.A multi-factor horizontal vibration experiment was designed to identify the optimal parametercombination for thebranch-shaking harvesting device.Theresultsshowed thatthe primary factors affecting deep-striped walnutdetachment，indescendingorderof influence，wereexcitation position，vibration frequency，and amplitude.Measurements indicated that the axial detachment force ranged from18.2 to 24.8N，the bending force from 4.Oto61.4N，and theinertial forcefrom5.1to42.3N.Analysis revealed thatbending fracture was the maindetachment mode.Optimization analysis of the regression model yielded the optimal parameter combination：vibration frequency of7Hz，amplitude of 92mm ，and excitation position at 0.61 （wherel was the total length of thelateral branch），under which the harvesting efficiency of deep-striped walnuts reached 95. 7%

KeyWords：Deep-striped walnut；branch-shaking vibration；detachment force；harvesting eficiencyrate；parameter optimization

0 引言

核桃（Juglansregia）又名胡桃、羌桃，是我国主要的木本油料经济林之一，也是常见的可食用坚果，其中含有脂肪酸、氨基酸、维生素和矿物质等多种营养成分，能够提高人体免疫力2，并且核桃壳也能进行高值化利用[3]。近年来核桃越来越受欢迎，产量持续增长。我国是核桃种植大国，云南是我国核桃种植产业第一大省。国家统计局数据显示，截至2023年，云南全省核桃种植面积达286.67万 hm² ，干果产量198万t，产值588亿元。云南主要栽培的核桃为深纹核桃（Juglanssigillata）[4]，以壳薄、仁白、味香闻名。深纹核桃多种植在山地陡坡且树体粗壮高大，导致深纹核桃采摘机械化程度低，人工爬树用竹竿击打采摘成本高、效率低且采摘人员有掉落风险，严重影响核桃产业的发展[5]。因此，采收机械化是云南核桃发展的必然趋势[6]。

对于机械化林果采收大都采用振动落果方式[7-11，13-18]，主要分为树干振动式和树冠振动式2种。树干振动式通常用于核桃[9]、苹果[13-14]等中大型果树，但设备体积均过于庞大，易对树体造成损伤，且对地形环境和种植模式要求较高；而树冠振动式适用于油茶[15]、橄榄[16]柑橘[17]以及蓝莓[18]等小型果树。王真真[针对新疆核桃园研发了树冠振动式核桃采摘装置，该装置搭载在装载机上，由液压马达带动曲柄滑块结构使得装置末端杆件对树冠进行往复振动，从而完成采摘。曹佳乐等9针对陕西矮化密植核桃园研发了矮化密植核桃摇振采摘机，该采摘机对核桃树主干或大侧枝进行摇振实现核桃采收，采净率达到 86.3% ，采摘效率达到 300kg/h ，是人工采摘的3＼～5倍。……