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盐碱地紫花首蓿光合荧光参数与品质关系研究

2025-08-03何海锋马进燕许兴

草地学报 2025年7期
关键词:光化学盐碱地叶绿素

中图分类号:S541.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1007-0435(2025)07-2123-0

引用格式:何海锋,马进燕,许兴.盐碱地紫花苜蓿光合荧光参数与品质关系研究[J].草地学报,2025,33(7):2123—2131 HEHai-feng,MA Jin-yan,XU Xing.Study on the Relationship between Photosynthetic Fluorescence Parameters and Quality of Alfalfa in Saline-Alkali Land[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2O25,33(7) :2123—2131

Study on the Relationship between Photosynthetic Fluorescence Parameters and Qualityof Alfalfa in Saline-AlkaliLand

HE Hai-feng,MA Jin-yan,XU Xing (College ofForestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 75OO21,China)

Abstract:In order to systematically understand the relationship between photosynthetic fluorescence parameters and qualityofalfalfa(Medicago satiua)in Yinbei saline-alkali land in Ningxia province to screenout the domi nant alfalfa varieties,the main photosynthetic fluorescence parameters and quality indexes of four alfalfa variet ies Werecompared by field experiment,variance analysis,corelation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that among four alfalfa varieties in saline-alkali land,the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and maximum fluorescence (Fm) ) and other photosynthetic fluorescence parameters of the alfalfa variety‘Zhongmu No.3’were both the highest,indicating the strongest photosynthetic capacity. At the same time,the content of crude protein (CP) and relative feed value(RFV) were the highest. The multiple regression results showed that the formula of crude ash(ASH)model was as follows:crude ash (ASH)=16.45-0.72×non -photochemical quenching(NPQ)一O. 40× relative feedingvalue (RFV)+0.48× transpiration rate (TR)-0.33× crude fat(Ether extract,EE) +0.32× potential activity (Fv/Fo) , R2=0.84 . The formula of crude protein (CP)model was as follows:crude protein(CP)=5. 48+0.06× relative feeding value(RFV), R2=0.61 : Therefore,‘ Zhongmu No. alfalfa might be an advantageous forage variety with great promotion value in different types of saline-alkali land in Yinbei area of Ningxia province.

Key words: Saline-alkali soil; Photosynthetic fluorescence parameters;Nutritional quality; Variance analysis, Correlation analysis;Multiple linear regression analysis

第三次全国国土调查显示,我国盐碱地面积约7.67×106hm2 ,主要分布在三大片区:一是中西部干旱半干旱地区以硫酸盐-氯化物为主的盐碱地,占全国盐碱地的 96.10% ;二是东北地区以碳酸盐为主的苏打盐碱地,占全国盐碱地的 3.20% ;三是东部沿海以氯化物为主的滨海盐碱地,不到全国盐碱地的1.00%[1-2] 。宁夏共有各类盐碱地面积达1. 76×105 hm2 ,其中:银北地区盐碱地面积达 1.02×105hm2 ,占银北地区耕地总面积的 50% 以上[3]。土壤盐碱化严重制约了农作物正常生长发育,不利于农业资源的有效利用,已成为影响宁夏农业生产的重要问题之一[4]。党的十八大以来,习近平总书记在做好盐碱地特色农业大文章的重要讲话中多次强调,由治理盐碱地适应作物向选育耐盐碱植物适应盐碱地转变,坚持“以种适地”同“以地适种”相结合,以农业增产为导向,因地制宜分类推进盐碱化农用地改良提升、盐碱化未利用地开发为耕地、其他盐碱地综合改造利用等[1-2]。

紫花苜蓿(Medicagosativa)是豆科(Leguminosae)苜蓿属多年生草本植物,粗蛋白含量丰富,素有“牧草之王\"和“饲料皇后\"的美称[5-6]。朱汉等[研究发现,种植1年苜蓿地, 0~10cm,10~20cm,20~ 30cm 的土层含盐量分别下降到 0.58%,0.34% 和0.28% ,种植2年后含盐量分别下降到 0.08% 0.14% , 0.18% ,种植苜蓿3年后,表层无盐结皮,0~20cm 土层含盐量下降到 0.20%~0.60% 。在一般轻中度盐渍化土壤种植3~5年之后,耕层可以全部脱盐,达到非盐化标准。植物的光合作用受光反应和暗反应的综合影响,有机物积累与暗反应直接关联,而传统的通过气体交换测定植物的光合速率并不能反映植物光反应的活性。……

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