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干旱胁迫对多根葱种子超微结构及内源激素的影响

2025-08-03蒋庆雪包秀霞殷国梅张志鹏王学敏廉勇

草地学报 2025年7期
关键词:超微结构内源代谢物

中图分类号:Q945.78 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1007-0435(2025)07-2114-09

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.07.007

引用格式:,等.干旱胁迫对多根葱种子超微结构及内源激素的影响[J].草地学报,2025,33(7):2114 —2122 JIANG Qing-xue,BAO Xiu-xia,YIN Guo-mei,et al. Efects of Drought Stresson Seed Ultrastructure and Endog enous Hormones of Alium polyrhizum[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2025,33(7) :2114-2122

Effects of Drought Stress on Seed Ultrastructure and Endogenous Hormonesof Allium polyrhizum

JIANG Qing-xue 1,2 ,BAO Xiu-xia³,YIN Guo-mei¹, ZHANG Zhi-peng²,WANG Xue- ⋅min2* , LIAN Yong1*

(1.InerMongoliatoouegiocadefAiureandialubandryot,erogolinite ofAnimal Science,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,BeijinglOol93,China;3.SchoolofChemistryandEnviomental Engineering,HohhotNationality College,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia O1oo51,China)

Abstract:This study investigated the effects of drought stressimulated by diferent concentrations of polyethylene glycol(PEG-6ooO)on seed germination characteristics,ultrastructure,and endogenous hormone contents in A llium polyrhizum from the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that under 10% PEG6000 treatment,the seed coat meshwork of A . polyrhizum was loosely arranged,with irregular edges,but the germination rate showed no significant diference compared to the control group.When the PEG concentration increased to 20% , structural damage to the seed coat was intensified,leading to a significant reduction in germination rate ( ⋅Plt;0.05) . High-concentration PEG caused a notable decrease in the growth-promoting hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA),while stres-responsive hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA),and salicylic acid (SA) significantly increased. These findings indicate that A . polyrhizum can adapt to drought stress during the seed germination phase by modulating the balance of endogenous hormones.

Key words:Allium polyrhizum;Seed;Germination;Drought stress;Endogenous hormones; Ultrastructure

多根葱(Alliumpolyrhizum)是百合科葱属多年生旱生植物,其鳞茎外围包被一层厚实的枯死鳞茎皮,形成地表防护层,防旱和隔热,以减少鳞茎根系曝晒和水分蒸发[1。多根葱大量分布在荒漠化草原地带,在沙壤土、壤土乃至黏土均能良好生长,土壤质地越细,其长势往往越佳。植物在生长发育过程中会受到诸多环境胁迫因子的影响,干旱是影响植物生长发育和品质的关键因素之一[2]。当干旱胁迫达到一定阈值时,会显著抑制植物种子萌发和幼苗生长,极端干旱会导致植物产量大幅下降,甚至死亡[3]

干旱是制约植物生长发育的重要因素,表现为植物外部形态、细胞结构、生理生化等诸多方面的变化[4]。电镜技术是进行细胞超微结构观察的重要手段,可以在细胞和亚细胞水平上显示出逆境下细胞和细胞器的形态变化特征,为确定植物抗旱特性提供可靠的形态学证据,是进行植物抗旱性研究的重要内容[5。在对紫花苜蓿[(Medicagosativa)甘蔗[7(Saccharumoffici-narum)的研究中发现,对叶绿体、淀粉粒、线粒体、细胞质膜超微结构的研究有助于从更深层次、更为直观的探究生物胁迫和非生物胁迫对叶片细胞器结构的损伤。因此,对干旱胁迫下多根葱种子细胞超微结构进行研究,为荒漠植物抗旱机制研究提供新的理论依据。

种子萌发不仅需要适宜的外界环境,而且受内源激素[8]、物质代谢[9、信号传导[10]等过程影响。……

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