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基于生理生化指标8份饲用小黑麦品种(系)抗旱性评价

2025-08-03陈钰褚红丽杜文华

草地学报 2025年7期
关键词:抗旱性品系生理

中图分类号:S544.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1007-0435(2025)07-2238-11

引用格式:.基于生理生化指标8份饲用小黑麦品种(系)抗旱性评价[J].草地学报,2025,33(7):2238- 2248 CHENYu,CHU Hong-li,DU Wen-hua.Drought Resistance Evaluationof 8Forage TriticaleVarieties (Lines) Based on Physiological and Biochemical Indexes[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2O25,33(7) :2238-2248

Abstract:To screen forage triticale(Triticale Witmack)varieties suitable for planting in aridareas,in this study we used‘Shida No.1 and‘Zhongsi 1048’as controls to study physiological response of triticale varieties ‘Gannong No.4'‘Gannong No.7\"Zangsi No.1',and lines C5, C23,and C25 under drought stress(7d,14 d, 21 d,35 d,49 d,63 d).From the perspective of single factor,with the increase of drought stressdays,the relative soluble sugar,relative soluble protein,relative malondialdehyde,relative proline,relative superoxide dismutase activity andrelativecatalase activity of each triticale variety(line)were increased first and then decreased.The relative chlorophylland relative water content showed a gradual downward trend,and the average relative peroxidase activity was gradually increased.From the differences among triticale varieties (lines), the average of relative proline content(1.83)and relative soluble sugar content(1.71)of C25 under different drought stress were the highest,and the average of relative soluble protein content(O.86),relative leaf water content(O.81),and relative chlorophyllcontent(O.95)were higher.The average of relative malondialdehyde content(O.75) of‘Zangsi No. Φ1⋅Φ1⋅Φ1 was the lowest. According to the comprehensive evaluation results of physiological indexes,the drought resistance of 8 triticale varieties(lines)was C25gt;CK2gt; 'Gannong 4′gt;C23gt; ‘ Gannong 7∘gt; ' Zangsi No. 1′gt;C5gt; CK1. The lines C25 belongs to the medium drought resistance type and has strong drought resistance.‘Gannong No.7’,‘Zangsi No.1',C5 and CK1 belong to the drought sensitive type,and their drought resistance is weak.The results indicat that under drought stress,the drought resistance of triticale lines C25 is the strongest.

Key Words:Triticale varieties (lines);Drought stress; Physiological and biochemical indicators

我国畜牧业发展对饲草的需求不断增加,提高饲草产量至关重要[1]。西北地区地广人稀,草地资源丰富,畜牧业发展条件优越,但西北大部分地区常年干旱缺水,且大部分饲草种植地位于山区,无灌溉条件[2]。干旱缺水是影响我国西北地区饲草发展的重要限制因素之一。干旱胁迫对牧草不同发育阶段的生理生化指标具有重要影响[3。叶片作为植物对环境变化反应最敏感的器官,在干旱逆境变化下,会形成不同的生理适应类型[4。随着土壤含水量降低,植物相对含水量(Relativewatercontent,RWC)下降,叶绿素(Chlorophyll,Chl)合成受阻,进而影响植物光合作用[5],同时为了保护自身,植物演化出了由酶和抗氧化剂组成的氧化防御系统,渗透调节物质如可溶性糖(Solublesugar,SS)可溶性蛋白(Solubleprotein,SP)游离脯氨酸(Proline,Pro)等作为渗透剂或维持细胞膨压,以抵御干旱胁迫[6;酶促保护系统如超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxidedismutase,SOD)过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)和丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)的合成增强,以清除活性氧,防止膜脂过氧化,保持体内的水分平衡,使细胞发挥正常功能]。

小黑麦(TriticaleWittmack)由小麦(Triticum)和黑麦(Secale)杂交而成,它结合了小麦籽粒品质好和黑麦对非生物胁迫耐受性高的特点[8]。但小黑麦不同基因型的抗旱性不同,抗旱表现也不同。因此,需进一步探明不同小黑麦种质的抗旱特性。李雪等9利用防雨棚隔雨控制水分法,通过测定小黑麦叶片的MDA,SS,Pro含量,SOD,POD和CAT活性对5种小黑麦品系成株期的抗旱性进行了评价,表明‘石大1号’小黑麦抗旱性强于其他小黑麦品系。……

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