摘要：该文借助众多数据库、数据分析平台和部分现实中搜集的语料及各类工具书中的释义，对“内耗”一词进行探源并考察其语义发展的基本路径；发现“内耗”一词从诞生之日起，语义就朝着两个不同的方向发展：在第一个方向的发展路径中，义位随着内耗学科的发展逐步深化，是学术领域的专业名词，始终是中性的、具有书面语色彩的；在第二个方向的发展路径中，义位随着广大民众的使用逐步扩大，并发展出两个新的引申义，皆带有负面消极的感情色彩，使用范围也逐渐口语化。该文比较不同辞书对“内耗”的释义情况，结合其语义发展路径分析，认为辞典对于“内耗”的词义应当有更加科学的解释。

关键词：“内耗”；语义；辞典；义位；数据库；释义

中图分类号：H0 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2096-4110（2024）07（c）-0015-05

A Discussion on the Semantic Development of "Neihao" and Its Lexical Interpretation

LI Xinran

（School of Chinese Language and Literature， Inner Mongolia Normal University， Hohhot Inner Mongolia， 010022， China）

Abstract： With the help of numerous databases， data analysis platforms，ab77789a872f25b2190a7d949409fefe and some real-life language materials， as well as definitions from various reference books， this study explores the origin of the term "Neihao" and examines its basic path of semantic development. Since its inception， the term "Neihao" has developed in two different directions in semantics： in the first direction， its meaning gradually deepens with the development of the discipline of internal friction， and it is a professional term in the academic field， always neutral and with written language color. In the development path of the second direction， the semantic position gradually expands with the use of the general public and develops two new extended meanings， both with negative emotional connotations and gradually becoming colloquial in scope. Comparing the definitions of "Neihao" in different dictionaries and analyzing their semantic development paths， it is believed that dictionaries should have a more scientific explanation of the meaning of "Neihao".

Key words： "Neihao"; Semantics; Dictionary; Sememe; Database; Definition

如今，“内耗”是人们日常生活中的热门话题，“拒绝内耗”“摆脱内耗”“内耗型人格”等词条频繁亮相于各大网络平台，其中的“内耗”多指人内心反复纠葛对精神心理等方面造成的自我损耗。而“内耗”一词在《现代汉语词典》第七版中的解释为：名词。①机器或其他装置本身所消耗的没有对外做功的能量；②社会或部门内部因不协调闹矛盾等造成的人力物力的无谓消耗[1]。很明显，词典中对于“内耗”的释义已不能涵盖其在现阶段的常用义。只有了解了“内耗”一词的来源、意义发展路径，才能对它的含义做出更加科学合理的解释。

1 “内耗”一词探源

目前可见的文献中，“内耗”最早出现在战国韩非所撰的《韩非子》中。……