于凌云 胡蕊 刘海英

[摘 要：基本养老服务均等化是老年人共享改革成果和社会公平正义的重要体现。文章从“物质帮助-照护服务-关爱服务”三个维度对西南地区基本养老服务均等化水平进行测度、分析与预测。研究发现：时间演变上，2012—2022年西南地区水平整体稳步上升，各子维度波折上升；区域差异上，西南总体呈现两阶段变化趋势，以区域内差异为主，子维度区域差异为照护服务>关爱服务>物质帮助；未来趋势上，2023—2025年基本养老服务均等化水平持续上升且区域差异不断缩小。据此，提出了保障物质、持续照护、重视关爱的养老服务举措。

关键词：基本养老服务均等化；人口老龄化；区域协调发展；高质量发展；社会保障

中图分类号：F719；D669.6      文献标识码：A文章编号：1007-5097（2024）06-0085-12 ]

Measurement and Regional Disparities in Equalization of Basic Elderly Care Services

in the Southwest Region

YU Lingyun1，HU Rui1，LIU Haiying2

（1. School of Public Administration，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu 610031，China；

2. School of International Affairs and Public Administration，Ocean University of China，Qingdao 266100，China）

Abstract：The equalization of basic elderly care services is crucial for ensuring that the elderly population can access and benefit from the reforms aimed at promoting social equity and justice. This essay undertakes a measurement，analysis，and prediction of the degree of equalization of basic elderly care services in the Southwest region，focusing on material assistance，caregiving services，and emotional support services. Findings：Regarding chronicle transformation，from 2012 to 2022，there has been a consistent upward trajectory in the overall level of basic elderly care services in the southwest region，with each sub-dimension exhibiting a gradual increase despite some fluctuations. Regarding regional disparities，the southwest region has displayed a dual-phase pattern of transformation，predominantly characterized by intra-regional disparities，with the sub-dimensions of regional disparities ranking in the following order：caregiving services > emotional support services > material assistance. Looking ahead，it is anticipated that the level of equalization in basic elderly care services will continue to ascend，and regional disparities are forecasted to diminish steadily from 2023 to 2025. Accordingly，several measures for elder care services have been proposed to guarantee the provision of resources，consistent caregiving delivery，and an emphasis on emotional support.

Key words：equalization of basic elderly care services；aging population；coordinated regional development；high-quality development；social security

一、引言及文献综述

2022年10月16日，党的二十大报告提出：“实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略，发展养老事业和养老产业，优化孤寡老人服务，推动实现全体老年人享有基本养老服务”［1］，奠定了新时代养老服务高质量发展的基调。2023年5月21日，《关于推进基本养老服务体系建设的意见》首次制定了国家基本养老服务清单，并提出重点工作在于“完善基本养老服务保障机制……提高基本养老服务供给能力”［2］。截至2024年，全国民政工作会议召开期间，已有30个省份出台实施方案或发布省级基本养老服务清单（1）。新发展阶段，确保全体老年人公平可及地享有基本养老服务，以实现老年人获得机会均等的服务，才能不断健全基本养老服务体系，逐步提高基本养老服务质量，使老年人幸福感、体验感、安全感倍增。