王静 高志明

摘 要： 个人信息自动化处理中存在多方主体的利益诉求，有必要将个人信息保护治理的视角转换到主体利益衡平上来。权利束理论与个人信息权利结构契合良好，并能发挥促进信息流动和因应场景调整主体利益关系的应用价值。自动化算法使个人信息处理过程中不断生成多样的利益，并形成复杂的冲突格局。相较于传统的利益衡量方法，权利束理论更适合回应个人信息自动化处理中的冲突利益衡平问题。借助权利束理论的权利边界和权利位阶概念，一方面应以明确赋权和正当性标准来分别确定主体的利益范围和限制主体权利泛化，降低个人信息自动化处理的合作成本；另一方面应通过因应场景的法律制度安排，指引权利配置优化，鼓励谈判合作并减少谈判失败的损失。

关键词： 个人信息自动化处理；权利束理论；利益冲突；利益衡平；权利边界；权利位阶

中图分类号： D922.16

文献标志码： A

文章编号： 1673-3851（2023） 06-0307-09

Interests balance in automatic processing of personal information from

the perspective of rights bundle

WANG  Jing， GAO  Zhiming

（School of Humanities and Law， Yanshan University， Qinhuangdao 066004， China）

Abstract：  The interest demands of different subjects exist in the process of automatic processing of personal information， so it is necessary to change the perspective of personal information protection to the balance of subjects′ interests. The theory of rights bundle fits well with the construction of personal information rights， and can bring into play the two application values of accelerating the flow of personal information and adjusting the subjects′ interest relationships according to the scenario. Automatic algorithms enable the continuous generation of diverse interests in the process of personal information processing and lead to complex conflict patterns. Compared to traditional methods of interest measurement， the theory of rights bundle is more suitable to respond to the problem of balancing conflicting interests in the automatic processing of personal information. Through the comprehending of right boundary and right rank， on the one hand， it is necessary to define the scope of interests of different subjects and restrict the generalization of subjects′ rights with clear empowerment and legitimacy standards， so as to reduce the cooperation cost of automatic processing of personal information. On the other hand， it is necessary to guide the optimization of rights allocation， encourage negotiation and cooperation and reduce the loss of negotiation failure through the legal system arrangement in response to the scene.

Key words： automatic processing of personal information; the theory of rights bundle; conflict of interests; interests balance; right boundary; right rank

隨着数字化社会的飞速发展，个人数字化转型将越来越多的个人信息主动或被动地共享到数字空间之中，使之成为越发重要的社会资源。2021年11月1日起实施的《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》（以下简称《个人信息保护法》）第24条规定了个人信息处理者利用个人信息进行自动化决策的相关规则。但在《个人信息保护法》实施之前，我国涉及个人信息权益保护的相关规定散见于《中华人民共和国消费者保护法》《中华人民共和国网络安全法》《中华人民共和国电子商务法》等法律之中。……