葡萄属植物遗传转化影响因素研究进展
2023-07-13张天玥赵若岑
张天玥 赵若岑



摘 要:葡萄作为世界上重要的经济类果树作物之一,在酿酒、鲜食、制干、制汁、制罐、砧木等方面的应用十分广泛,为人类创造了明显的社会效益、经济效益和生态效益。自美国学者1990年在沙地葡萄(Vitis rupestris)中首次成功获得遗传转化植株,葡萄属植物遗传转化发展迅猛。多年研究证实利用分子育种建立完整、高效的葡萄遗传转化体系对葡萄基因改良有着至关重要的作用。阐述了葡萄属植物遗传转化的4个阶段,并对遗传转化的影响因素进行具体分析,针对这些影响因素进行资料收集和对比研究,总结葡萄遗传转化体系研究现状并提出展望,以期对葡萄基因改良研究提供参考。
关键词:葡萄;遗传转化;影响因素
文章编号:2096-8108(2023)04-0067-06 中图分类号:S663.1 文献标识码:A
Research Progress on Influencing Factors of Genetic Transformation of Grape Plants
ZHANG Tianyue,ZHAO Ruocen
(Faculty of Food and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan Ningxia 750021,China)
Abstract: Grape is one of the most important fruit in the world, which is widely used in wine making, fresh food, drying, juice making, pot making and stock making, and has created considerable social, economic and ecological benefits for human beings. Since American scholars first obtained genetically modified plants in Vitis rupestris in 1990, the genetic transformation of grape plants has developed rapidly. Years of research have confirmed that the use of molecular breeding to establish a complete and efficient grape genetic transformation system plays a vital role in grape genetic improvement. In this paper, the four stages of genetic transformation of grape plants are elaborated, and the influencing factors of genetic transformation are analyzed in detail. Data collection and comparative study of these influencing factors are carried out, and the research status of grape genetic transformation system is summarized and prospects are proposed in order to provide reference for grape genetic improvement research.
Keywords:grape; genetic transformation; influencing factors
葡萄作為世界上重要的经济类果树作物之一,在酿酒、鲜食、制干、制汁、制罐、砧木等方面的应用十分广泛,为人类创造了明显的社会效益、经济效益和生态效益[1-2]。由于葡萄属植物染色体高度杂合,遗传背景复杂,采用常规杂交育种获得葡萄新品种周期长,工作繁琐,已不适应当今产业高速发展的需求。与传统的育种技术相比,分子育种可以克服偶然性大、育种年限长和后代数量庞大不易筛选等缺点,能够精确改进目前应用品种的不足,实现多个优良基因(性状)的聚合。因此,利用分子育种建立完整、高效的葡萄遗传转化体系对葡萄属植物品种改良有着至关重要的作用。
欧洲葡萄( Vitis vinifera L.)具有较高的经济价值,品质优良且栽培广泛,但其抗逆性较差,改良优质葡萄品种抗逆性是葡萄育种的目标之一[3]。……
