何伊平

摘要：【目的】探究生物有机肥部分替代化肥技术对苍梧县内水稻生长和土壤肥力的影响，为提升稻田土壤质量、进一步改善苍梧县农田生态提供参考。【方法】试验设3个不同地点的技术效果监测点，监测点1和监测点2为早造种植，监测点3为晚造种植；每个监测点设置80%测土配方施肥+300 kg生物有机肥的施肥处理（T2）与单纯测土配方施肥的处理（T1）对比，调查试验水稻的农艺性状、产量、土壤养分含量。【结果】 T2水稻结实率平均增加3.30%，千粒重平均增加4.57%，产量平均增加6.14%，水稻无效分蘖减少。T1和T2的土壤有机质、全氮含量有提升，平均盈余率分别为1.89%和21.14%、25.05%和40.00%；T1和T2的土壤有效磷含量有小幅提高，平均盈余率為13.52%和3.37%；但土壤速效钾含量均出现较大幅度的下降，T1和T2分别减少34.78%、47.02%。【结论】生物有机肥部分替代化肥技术可以提高水稻的结实率、千粒重和产量，同时还能增加土壤养分的含量。

关键词：有机肥；水稻；土壤养分

中图分类号：S511文献标识号：A文章编号：1003-4374（2023）02-00-06

Effects of Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizer with Bio-organic Fertilizer on Rice Growth and Soil Nutrient Content

He Yi-ping

（Cangwu County Soil and Fertilizer Workstation， Wuzhou， Guangxi 543100， China）

Abstract： 【Objective】To explore the effect of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer on rice growth and soil fertility in Cangwu County， and to provide reference for improving soil quality and further improving farmland ecology in Cangwu County.【Method】Three monitoring sites were set for the technical effect at different sites. Monitoring sites 1 and 2 were for early planting， and monitoring site 3 was for late planting. Agronomic traits， yield， and soil nutrient content of rice were investigated at each monitoring site by comparing the fertilization treatment （T2） of 80% soil testing and 300kg biological organic fertilizer with that of single soil testing and formula fertilization （T1）.【Result】The seed setting rate of T2 rice increased by 3.30 % on average， the 1000-grain weight increased by 4.57 % on average， the yield increased by 6.14 % on average， and the ineffective tillers of rice decreased. The soil organic matter and total nitrogen content of T1 and T2 increased， and the average surplus rates were 1.89 % and 21.14 %，

25.05 % and 40.00 %， respectively. The soil available phosphorus content of T1 and T2 increased slightly， with an average surplus rate of 13.52 % and 3.37 %. However， the content of available potassium in soil decreased significantly， T1 and T2 decreased by 34.78 % and 47.02 % respectively.【Conclusion】Partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer can improve the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight yield of rice， and increase the content of soil nutrients.

Key words： organic fertilizer， rice， soil nutrient

水稻是我国南方最主要的粮食作物之一，耕地是粮食生产的物质基础，而肥料就是粮食的“粮食”。增施有机肥能够显著提高土壤供应养分的能力，激发土壤中氮素、磷素的释放，对土壤养分有明显的促进作用，有机无机肥料配施可有效提高水稻土有机碳含量及其固定速率，以及作物对氮磷钾养分的吸收利用具有积极作用。［1-3］高飞等［4］在研究低地力条件下有机肥部分替代化肥对作物产量和土壤性状的影响中发现，常量化肥+增施有机肥处理较单施有机肥处理，作物产量略有增加，在水稻小麦轮作体系土壤有机质提升7.69%～40.22%。……