吕峰　高崇敏

摘要： 【目的】通过引种试验筛选出适宜在老挝种植推广的大豆品种，旨在为老挝开展大豆种植提供参考依据。【方法】2022年中国-老挝合作农作物优良品种试验站从中国引进“南农99-6”“桂夏109”“桂夏105”“华夏21”4个大豆品种在老挝万象试种，以当地品种“万象2号”为对照，进行试验比较，观察其生育期、主要农艺性状，并测定产量。【结果】结果表明，4个大豆品种产量均超过对照品种，差异显著，增产在11.4%～34.3%之间。其中“南农99-6”和“桂夏105”产量分别为220.2 kg/667 m²和205.0 kg/667 m²，比“万象2号（CK）”增产34.3%和25.0%，生育期为95 d和103 d，株高为81.2 cm和74.3 cm，百粒重为21.6 g和17.6 g。【结论】综合评价，“南农99-6”和“桂夏105”品种宜继续在老挝万象进行生产试验，进一步观察其稳产性。

关键词：大豆；品种；引种；试验；老挝

中图分类号：S565.1文献标识号：A文章编号：1003-4347（2023）02-00-04

Experiment on Introducing and Screening Soybean Varieties in Laos

Lü Feng Gao Chong-min

（1. Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture， Nanning， Guangxi 530007， China;

2. China-Laos Experimental Station of Superior Crop Varieties， Vientiane， Laos）

Abstract：【Objective】 Through the introduction test， suitable soybean varieties were selected for planting and promotion in Laos， providing reference and theoretical basis for soybean planting enterprises in Laos. 【Method】In 2022， four soybean varieties “ Nannong No.99-6 ”， “Guixia No.109”， “Guixia No.105” and “Huaxia No.21” were introduced from China to Vientiane， Laos for trial planting. The local variety“Vientiane No.2”was applied as the control. The growth period， main agronomic traits and yield were observed.【Result】The results showed that the yield of the four soybean varieties exceeded that of the control variety， with significant differences， with an increase of 11.4% to 34.3%. Among them， the yields of “Nannong No.99-6” and “Guixia No.105” were 220.2 kg/667 m3 and 205.0 kg/667 m3， respectively， increasing by 34.3% and 25.0% compared to the control variety“Vientiane No.2”. The growth period was 95 days and 103 days， respectively;  the plant height was 81.2 cm and 74.3 cm， respectively;  and the 100-grain weight was 21.6 g and 17.6 g， respectively. 【Conclusion】Based on comprehensive evaluation， it is recommended to continue carry out production trials of “ Nannong No.99-6 ” and “Guixia No.105”in Vientiane， Laos to further observe their yield stability.

Key words： soybeans， varieties， introduction， trial， Laos

大豆［Glycine max （Linn.） Merr.］是一年生草本植物，原產于中国，广泛栽培于世界各地，是我国和世界上五大重要的作物之一。大豆蛋白质含量高，提供全球人类2/3的植物蛋白需求［1，2］，同时大豆也是世界上第一大油料作物，为全球人类提供1/3的食用油需求。近年来，中美贸易摩擦使我国大豆供给面临新的挑战，为应对复杂多变的贸易环境，推进中国大豆产业健康发展，我国农业农村部自2019年起实施大豆振兴计划，以扩大种植面积、提升单产水平、改善产品品质为目标，努力提升中国大豆供给能力。［3］东南亚国家土地资源丰富，发展大豆种植产业，可增加我国大豆进口来源。老挝属于热带、亚热带季风气候，土地资源丰富，土地租赁价格及人工成本低廉，一年可种植大豆2～3季，发展大豆种植优势显著。……