伍德伦　饶元

摘要： 現有的果蔬溯源系统中，物联网数据采集设备身份验证机制不完善，果蔬数据传输效率不高，且无法保证数据在存储于区块链前未被篡改。构建了基于身份验证的果蔬区块链信息存储溯源模型，对模型进行分析后，首先提出果蔬供应链数据流动模型，通过物联网设备将采集的数据存储于星际文件系统（Interplanetary file system，IPFS），环节数据存储完成后，系统将IPFS返回的哈希值存入区块链网络，提高了数据的安全性；其次设计了果蔬供应链数据传输流程，提高了果蔬数据传输效率；最后利用Blake2改进型Ed25519算法实现了物联网设备的身份验证机制，提高了系统的安全性。在此基础上设计了基于身份验证的果蔬区块链信息存储溯源系统，并在某果蔬企业进行了实际应用，进行相关测试后发现，本系统的全供应链数据存储平均耗时4.738 s，数据查询平均耗时0.452 s。测试结果表明，此系统可在保障数据安全的前提下，提高用户的溯源速度，可为果蔬溯源系统的设计与研发提供参考。

关键词： 区块链；果蔬；溯源；存储优化；身份验证

中图分类号： TP309.2;TS207.7 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1000-4440（2023）02-0434-10

Design of storage and traceability model of fruits and vegetables blockchain information based on authentication

WU De-lun^1，2， RAO Yuan^1，2

（1.School of Information and Computer， Anhui Agricultural University， Hefei 230036，China;2.Anhui Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment， Hefei 230036，China）

Abstract： In the existing traceability system for fruits and vegetables， the authentication mechanism of data collection equipment of the internet of things （IoT） is not perfect， the transmission efficiency of fruits and vegetables data is not high， and there is no guarantee that the data are not tampered before being stored in the blockchain. A storage and traceability model of blockchain information of fruits and vegetables based on authentication was constructed. Firstly， a data flow model of fruits and vegetables supply chain was proposed after the model was analyzed. The collected data were stored in interplanetary file system （IPFS） through the IoT devices in each link. After the link data were stored， the system stored the Hash value returned from IPFS into the blockchain network， which improved the security of the data. Secondly， the data transmission process of fruits and vegetables supply chain was designed， and the efficiency of data transmission was improved. Finally， the authentication mechanism of IoT devices was implemented by using Blake2 improved Ed25519 algorithm， which improved the security of the system. On the above basis， a blockchain information storage and traceability system for fruits and vegetables based on authentication was designed and applied in a fruits and vegetables enterprise. After relevant tests， it was found that the system took an average of 4.738 s for the whole supply chain data storage and 0.452 s for the data query. The test results revealed that， the system designed in the study can improve the traceability speed of users on the premise of ensuring data security， and can provide reference for the design and development of fruits and vegetables traceability system.

Key words： blockchain;fruits and vegetables;traceability;storage optimization；authentication

果蔬含有维生素等多种人体所需成分，具有较高的营养价值，消费者对果蔬的质量、安全等需求也在不断提升^[1]。但近几年果蔬质量安全问题频发，化学药品滥用、微生物污染等严重影响消费者对果蔬质量的信任^[2]，迫切需要建立果蔬追溯体系，使消费者能够快速追溯果蔬的来源，搭建消费者与果蔬之间的信任桥梁^[3]。……