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从供需视角下探讨汽车“芯片荒”的破局方法

2023-04-21谢林君罗颖洹黄守道廖小平黄丽华

时代汽车 2023年8期

谢林君 罗颖洹 黄守道 廖小平 黄丽华

摘 要:持续三年多的芯片短缺危机,给汽车行业带来了深刻的影响。本文从芯片分类及其制造过程、市场供需环境等剖析芯片紧缺原因,得出随着新能源汽车的高速发展和汽车产业结构升级,汽车芯片需求将大幅上升,建议从政策层面、企业层面、政产学研融合方面,加强对国内芯片行业的扶持与政策倾斜、加快政产学研深度融合,集中优势资源,全力推进芯片国产化,助力我国从汽车工业大国向汽车工业强国转型发展。

关键词:汽车芯片 车规级芯片 芯片国产化 半导体

Discussion of the Breakthrough Method of Automobile "Chip Shortage" from the Perspective of Supply and Demand

Xie Linjun Luo Yinghuan Huang Shoudao Liao Xiaoping Huang Lihua

Abstract:The chip shortage crisis lasting more than three years has had a profound impact on the automobile industry. This paper analyzes the reasons for chip shortage from the perspective of chip classification, manufacturing process and market supply and demand environment, and concludes that with the rapid development of new energy vehicles and the upgrading of automobile industry structure, the demand for automobile chips will rise significantly. The article suggests how to strengthen the support and policy incline of domestic chip industry and accelerate the deep integration of government, industry, university and research from the perspective of policy level, enterprise level and integration of government, industry, university and research. It will concentrate superior resources and fully promote the localization of chip to help our transformation from an automobile industrial power to an automobile industrial power.

Key words:automotive chip, automotive scale chip, chip localization, semiconductor

1 引言

2020年以来,新冠疫情、美国百年一遇的冰雪极端风暴、日本半导体巨头瑞萨电子发生重大火灾等种种因素叠加,全球汽车芯片供需不平衡问题严重凸显。因芯片短缺,大众、通用、福特、丰田等全球几大头部车企都受到了较大影响,全球的汽车行业也因此影响巨大。

以2021年为例,根据汽车行业数据预测公司Auto Forecast Solutions发布的数据显示,全球汽车市场因缺“芯”累计减产量约为1,020万辆。其中,欧洲地区减少约300万辆,北美地区减少约310万辆,亚洲地区影响居首位,减产量超过360万辆。中国的减产量约为198万辆,约占全球汽车减产量的19%。

同时,汽车行业正发生着产业结构大变革,由传统燃油发展方向向电动化、智能化、网联化和共享化(简称“新四化”)方向快速转型发展。“新四化”的快速发展使得每辆车的芯片使用种类及数量以几何倍数迅速增长,助推了全球车规级芯片的需求急速增长;……

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