重型国六发动机细颗粒物排放研究
2023-04-21张鸿杰高磊陶汉国徐富强
张鸿杰 高磊 陶汉国 徐富强










摘 要:随着排放法规的不断升级,对于10nm以上颗粒物排放进行管控的需求持续增强。为探究23nm以上颗粒物数量(PN23)和10nm以上颗粒物数量(PN10)排放特性差异,本文选用一款符合国六标准的重型柴油发动机,在发动机台架上运行重型车实际道路车载法排放试验循环(PEMS),冷热态WHTC循环和WHSC循环,使用颗粒物计数器对试验中PN23和PN10同时进行采样测量。结果表明,PN10和PN23的瞬态排放规律基本一致;各次试验中PN10比排放结果均显著高于PN23,但对于不同测试循环,PN10和PN23排放差异有所不同;虽然PN10比排放结果显著高于PN23,但其结果仍可满足国六排放法规要求,在法规限值不加严的前提下,现有DPF技术可以应对由PN23向PN10的切换。
关键词:颗粒物数量 细颗粒物 重型柴油机 PEMS试验 排放
Research on the Emission of Sub-23nm Particles for China VI Heavy-duty Engines
Zhang Hongjie Gao Lei Tao Hanguo Xu Fuqiang
Abstract:With the continuous upgrading of emission regulations, the demand for controlling the emission of sub-23nm particle continues to increase. In order to explore the differences in emission characteristics between particle number with diameter above 23nm (PN23) and particle number with diameter above 10nm (PN10). The actual on-road emission test cycle (PEMS), cold and hot WHTC cycle and WHSC cycle were run on the engine bench based on a heavy-duty diesel engine conforming to China VI, PN23 and PN10 were sampled and measured simultaneously using a particle counter. The results show that the emission of PN10 is significantly higher than that of PN23 in all tests, however, for different test cycles, the emission differences of PN10 and PN23 are different. Although the emission result of PN10 is significantly higher than that of PN23, the result can still meet the requirements of China VI emission regulations, the existing DPF technology can cope with the transition from PN23 to PN10 under the premise that the regulatory limit is not tightened.
Key words:particle number; sub-23nm particle; heavy-duty diesel engine; PEMS test; emission
1 前言
機动车尾气排放是大气污染的一大原因,而随着机动车保有量的增长,车辆使用年限的累积,由机动车尾气排放带来的问题日益凸显[1,2]。由机动车造成的颗粒物排放环境和人体健康均构成危害,颗粒物的环境危害主要源于其光学特性,粒子通过吸收与散射光,降低能见度,导致雾霾天气的发生[3]。一般来说直径大于5.0μm的颗粒物可被上呼吸道拦截,小于2.5μm的颗粒物易发生成积反应,可附着于肺泡,严重危害人体健康[4]。生态环境部发布的《中国移动源环境管理年报(2021)》[5]数据显示,2020年中国机动车颗粒物排放量达到6.8万吨,其中柴油车颗粒物排放量占比超过90%。
为限制颗粒物排放,生态环境部2018年发布《重型柴油车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段)》[6],除了对前一阶段排放法规中已有限值要求的颗粒物质量(PM)进一步加严,可新引入了对颗粒物数量(PN)的限值要求。……
