孟慧慧

《考试说明》中第五档的评分标准中有这样的要求“尽力使用较复杂结构”，这样的要求表明，高考英语书面表达题对考生的英语应用能力提出了更高层次的要求。结合多年教学和高考评卷经验，本文从三个方面探究了书面表达题得高分的技巧。

技巧一：巧用非谓语结构

非谓语结构包括动词不定式、动词的过去分词、动词的现在分词三种结构。在写作时，可用动词不定式作结果状语，可用动词的过去分词作条件状语、原因状语、时间状语，可用动词的现在分词作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语。非谓语结构在英语写作中的正确应用，能使英语句式更加高级，能使英语作文更地道，为所写英语作文增加亮点。

例1 ：Anxiously，Mike used three methods to solve the last math problem in the math exam，only to find that none of them was suitable.（动词不定式作结果状语）

例2 ：Because the boy is encouraged by what his mentor said，he worked harder to explore the living hab­its of that kind of insects.

—>Encouraged by what his mentor said，the boy worked harder to explore the living habits of that kind of insects.（过去分词作原因状语）

技巧二：巧用倒装结构

倒装结构也属于高级语法结构之一，同时也是增加作文得分亮点的方法。倒装结构的应用可使考生所写的文章更富有节奏感、重点内容更加突出。考生应重点掌握和学会应用下列倒装结构：so... that引导的句式中so开头的半倒装句;表地点的介词短语置于句首引起的倒装句;“only+状语”置于句首引起的倒装句;as引导状语从句時;形容词、名词等置于句首引起的倒装结构。

例3：As we were exhausted，we were still lively and talkative after a wonderful and interesting activity.

—Exhausted as we were，we were still lively and talkative after a wonderful and interesting activity.

例4：Tom's mentor spoke so deeply that he couldn't fully understand his mentor's meaning.

—So deeply did Tom's mentor speak that he couldn't understand his mentor's meaning.

技巧三：巧用复合句式

复合句可使文意表达得更加完整和清晰。复合句式结构主要有名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句。此三种从句是考生的薄弱点，但是在写作中如能熟练正确使用，可体现出考生较强的语言综合应用能力。第五档评分标准中明确表示，考生为了使用“较复杂结构”，即使出现了“些许错误”，也不影响作文得到第五档的得分。

例5：What Jack's half sisters said（主语从句）sug­gested that his sisters' mother cared little about Jack's trouble（宾语从句），even if Jack asked his stepmother for help（状语从句）.

例6：The reason why we live in the city（定语从句）is that city life is not only more convenient，but also more new things are happening（表语从句）.

总之，在写作训练中，学生应多应用倒装结构、非谓语结构、复合句式结构仿写或改写经典例句，并结合写作主题多练习，才能抓住要点，写出有亮点的语句，从而使所写出的文章能够脱颖而出，获得阅卷老师的青睐。