程培峰 郑春萌 张展铭 杨宗昊

摘 要：為在道路工程中有效利用废旧口罩材料，减少资源浪费，本文利用废旧口罩熔喷布对基质沥青进行改性，测定其常规物理性能指标，对试验结果采用灰色关联度分析与综合加权法整理计算，确定改性沥青的最佳制备工艺;研究改性沥青的高低温流变性能及PG分级（性能分级），对其化学组分及微观结构进行表征;与基质沥青和SBS（苯乙烯-丁=烯-苯乙稀嵌段共聚物）改性沥青混合料对比，分析熔喷布改性沥青混合料的路用性能。结果表明：当熔喷布掺量为3%时，在170 ℃下，以4 000 r/min的速率剪切15 min制备出的改性沥青综合性能最佳，且此工艺下熔喷布与沥青的相容性较好;分析可知熔喷布对沥青的改性过程为物理改性，并未发生化学反应而生成新的官能团;熔喷布能够提高沥青的软化点、黏度及弹性恢复率，并有效改善沥青的高温抗变形能力，但其针入度、延度均有降低;熔喷布改性沥青混合料与基质沥青相比，具有较好的高温稳定性及水稳定性，但其低温抗裂性不佳。分析表明，废旧口罩熔喷布改性沥青及混合料的综合性能较好，具有一定的实际应用价值和良好的环保意义。

关键词：改性沥青;沥青混合料;废旧口罩;熔喷布;制备工艺;物理性能;流变性能;路用性能

中图分类号：U414 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-8023（2021）06-0126-09

Abstract：In order to effectively use waste mask materials in road engineering and reduce the waste of resources， the base asphalt was modified by the melt-blown cloth of the waste mask and the physical properties of asphalt were measured in this paper. The grey correlation analysis and integrated weighting analysis were used to calculate the test results to determine the best preparation process of modified asphalt. The high and low temperature rheological properties and PG classification of modified asphalt were studied and its chemical composition and micro-structure were analyzed. The road performance of the melt-blown cloth modified asphalt mixture was compared with the base asphalt and SBS modified asphalt mixture. The results showed that： when the content of melt-blown cloth was 3%， the performance of modified asphalt prepared by shearing at a rate of 4 000 r/min for 15 min at 170 ℃ was the best. Meanwhile， the compatibility of melt-blown cloth and asphalt was better under the process. According to the analysis， the modification process of the asphalt by melt-blown cloth was a physical modification and there was no chemical reaction and new functional groups produced. The softening point， viscosity and rate of elastic recovery were enhanced by the melt-blown cloth and the high-temperature deformation resistance of asphalt was effectively improved， but the penetration and ductility were reduced. Compared with base asphalt， the melt-blown cloth modified asphalt mixture possessed better high-temperature stability and moisture susceptibility， but its low-temperature crack resistance is slightly not good. Analysis above showed that the comprehensive performance of melt-blown cloth modified asphalt and mixture was better and it had actual value of application and environmental significance.

Keywords：Modified asphalt binder; asphalt mixture; waste mask; melt-blown cloth; preparation process; physical properties; rheological properties; pavement performance

0 引言

自新冠肺炎疫情以来，人们对医用口罩的需求不断攀升，据调查，截至2020年4月底，我国一次性医用口罩的日均产量已达2亿只，每只口罩重量约为5 g，这表明每天面临约1 000 t的医用口罩废弃物[1]。……