郑清冬 汪艳 王艺 马山虎 艾叶

摘  要：为了解建兰花色多样性及其形成机理，对58个建兰品种的萼片进行了颜色表型分析和色素成分初步分析。结合目测分析、比色卡比色以及色差仪测色，将58个建兰品种的萼片分为4大色系，分别为紫红色系、红色系、黄绿色系和白色系。选择各色系的代表品种进行显色反应、类黄酮特征颜色反应和紫外-可见光谱扫描，分析不同花色系的建兰萼片中含有的色素成分。结果表明：白色系萼片中色素成分较为单一，不含叶绿素和类胡萝卜素，有黄酮类化合物存在;紫红色系和红色系的萼片所含的主要色素成分为类黄酮化合物和花色素苷;黄绿色系萼片所含色素种类最多，包括叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和黄酮类化合物等。该试验为建兰花色素成分的进一步研究以及建兰花色的形成机理奠定了理論基础，同时为建兰色花品种培育提供了参考。

关键词：建兰;花色素苷;类胡萝卜素;类黄酮;叶绿素

中图分类号：S682.31      文献标识码：

Abstract： In order to understand the flower color diversity of C. ensifolium and its formation mechanism， this paper carried out flower color phenotype analysis and preliminary analysis of anthocyanin components on the sepals of 58 C. ensifolium varieties. Combined with visual analysis， colorimetric colorimetry and colorimeter test， the sepals of 58 C. ensifolium varieties were divided into four major colors， purple-red， red， yellow-green， and white. Representative varieties of each color were selected to perform color reaction， characteristic color response of flavonoids and ultraviolet-visible spectrum scanning， and analyze the pigment components contained in the sepals of different flower color. The results showed that the pigment components in the white sepals were relatively simple， without chlorophyll and carotenoids， and flavones existed; the main pigment components in the purple-red and red sepals were flavonoids and anthocyanins; the yellow-green sepals contain the most types of pigments， including chlorophyll， carotenoids and flavones. This experiment would lay a theoretical foundation for the further study of the pigment composition of C. ensifolium and the formation mechanism of the flower color of C. ensifolium， and provided a reference for the cultivation of colorful varieties of C. ensifolium.

Keywords： Cymbidium ensifolium; anthocyanin; carotenoids; flavonoids; chlorophyll

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.11.023

兰科是世界上最大的开花科植物之一，统称兰花，约有6个亚科，900多属，27 000多种[1-2]。其中建兰是兰科兰属多年生草本植物，主要分布于我国福建、浙江、安徽、江西、四川、云南等地，国外主要分布于东南亚各国，以及印度和日本[3]。建兰在我国栽培历史悠久，品系种类繁多，观赏价值高，花型奇特，叶艺和株艺丰富，还具有黄绿色、红色、白色等多种丰富的花色类型，深受广大消费者的喜爱。花色的表现主要由色素成分调控，使植物花器官呈现出各种各样的颜色[4]。……