APP下载

莫高窟第85窟温湿度分布特征及湿度对降水的响应研究

2021-12-21陈海玲苏伯民薛平王小伟张正模

敦煌研究 2021年5期

陈海玲 苏伯民 薛平 王小伟 张正模

内容摘要:基于莫高窟第85窟温湿度监测数据及窟外气象资料,分析了洞窟温湿度分布特征及降水对洞窟空气湿度的影响。结果表明:(1)第85窟气温春、夏季分布均匀,秋、冬季相对集中,湿度夏、秋季分布区间宽泛,春、冬季集中;(2)正弦函数和高斯函数可分别模拟窟内气温和湿度的年变化特征,不同季节窟内温湿度变化明显,波动程度各异;(3)窟内湿度对降水的响应可大致划分为上升期、高湿期、回落期三个阶段。研究结果对莫高窟洞窟微气候特征认知、壁画病害机理研究、以及洞窟开放管理具有重要意义。

关键词:莫高窟;温湿度;不同时间尺度;非线性拟合;变异系数;降水

中图分类号:K870.6;K854.3  文献标识码:A  文章編号:1000-4106(2021)05-0134-11

Research on the Distribution Characteristics of Air Temperature and

Humidity and the Effects of Precipitation on Humidity in Mogao Cave 85

CHEN Hailing1,2,3 SU Bomin1,2,3 XUE Ping1,2,3 WANG Xiaowei1,2,3 ZHANG Zhengmo1,2,3

(1. National Research Center for the Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites, Dunhuang, Gansu 736200;

2. Key Scientific Research Base of the Conservation for Ancient Wall Paintings, State Administration of Cultural Heritage, Dunhuang, Gansu 736200;

3. Research Center for the Conservation of Dunhuang Cultural Relics, Dunhuang, Gansu 736200)

Abstract:Based on thetemperature and humidity data from Mogao Cave 85 and the meteorological data of the Mogao Grottoes, the distribution characteristics for temperature and humidity and the effect of precipitation on air humidity inside the cave have been calculated. Three significant results have been observed. (1) Air temperature in Cave 85 distributes homogeneously in spring and summer, but becomes relatively concentrated in autumn and winter; humidity distributes widely in summer and autumn and remains relatively concentrated in spring and winter. (2) Air temperature and humidity, as well as variation in these environmental data, show obvious differencesin different seasons. The use of sine function and Gaussian function analyses can be used to simulate the changing characteristics of temperature and humidity, respectively. (3) The response of humidity in the cave to precipitation can be divided into three phases: a rising stage, a highhumidity stage, and a pullback stage. Theseresearch results are meant to contribute to the understanding of cave microclimate, research on the mechanisms that cause mural deterioration, and conservation of the caves open to public.

Keywords:Mogao Grottoes; temperature and humidity; different time scales; nonlinear fitting; coefficient of variation; precipitation

引 言

第85窟位于莫高窟南区中段底层,开凿于咸通三年(862),竣工于咸通八年(867),是张氏归义军时期第二任河西都僧统翟法荣为自己修建的功德窟[1],该窟为覆斗顶中心佛坛型窟,由前室、甬道、主室三部分构成。甬道壁面绘有真人大小供养人像及墨书题记,主室中央设中心佛坛,佛坛上塑释迦牟尼佛与弟子像,窟顶为狮子莲花藻井,四披和四壁共绘14幅经变画,其内容涉及政治、经济、历史文化、科技、军事、日常生活等多个方面,是研究唐代社会生活、绘画艺术、风俗信仰等的重要史料。该窟壁画内容丰富、规模宏大、保存相对完整,是莫高窟晚唐时期具有代表性的大型洞窟[2][3]。

莫高窟第85窟壁画酥碱、起甲、空鼓、疱疹等病害严重[4],自上世纪敦煌文物研究所成立以来经历了多次修复[5],由于不可移动文物自身的复杂性,部分壁画重新出现了以起甲、酥碱为代表的病害。……

登录APP查看全文