课外体育锻炼对青少年学业成绩的影响
2021-12-12向祖兵张燕泥落云柯赵少聪
向祖兵 张燕泥 落云柯 赵少聪



摘 要:采用中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)2013—2014年基线数据,运用门槛回归模型,分析课外体育锻炼与青少年学业成绩的量效关系。研究发现:(1)课外体育锻炼对青少年学业成绩具有显著的促进效应;(2)课外体育锻炼对青少年学业成绩促进的量效关系是非线性的,存在顯著的门槛效应,呈现出倒U型趋势;(3)青少年平均每天1.4~2.0 h的课外体育锻炼可最大效应提高学业成绩;(4)学业压力越大的青少年越应该保持每天参与适度的课外体育锻炼。
关 键 词:学校体育;课外体育锻炼;学业成绩;门槛回归模型;青少年
中图分类号:G806 文献标志码:A文章编号:1006-7116(2021)06-0119-07
Effect of extracurricular physical exercise on teenagers academic achievement
——An empirical research based on threshold regression model
XIANG Zu-bing1,ZHANG Yan-ni1,LUO Yun-ke1,ZHAO Shao-cong2
(1.School of Physical Education,Chongqing University,Chongqing 401331,China;
2.Department of Physical Education,Xiamen University of Technology,Xiamen 361024,China)
Abstract: Based on the baseline data of China Education Tracking Survey (CEPS) from 2013 to 2014 and threshold regression model, this study analyzed the dose-effect relationship between extracurricular physical exercise and academic achievement of adolescents. The results show that: (1) extracurricular physical exercise had a significant promoting effect on teenagers academic achievement; (2) the dose-effect relationship of extracurricular physical exercise on teenagers academic achievement was nonlinear, and there was a significant threshold effect, showing an inverted U-shaped tendency; (3) the average 1.4 to 2 hours daily of extracurricular physical exercise can have the greatest effect on improving academic performance for teenagers; (4) the more academic stress the teenagers had, the more moderate extracurricular physical exercise they should keep every day.
Keywords: school physical education;extracurricular physical exercise;academic achievement;threshold regression model;teenagers
党的十八大以来,国家高度重视儿童青少年体育工作的发展。2020年10月15日中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发《关于全面加强和改进新时代学校体育工作》的意见,提出以服务学生全面发展、增强综合素质为目标,坚持健康第一的教育理念,推动青少年文化学习和体育锻炼协调发展,帮助学生在体育锻炼中享受乐趣、增强体质、健全人格、锤炼意志;鼓励基础教育阶段学校每天开设1节体育课;着力保障学生每天校内、校外各1 h体育活动时间,促进学生养成终身锻炼的习惯。然而长期以来,受应试教育的影响,课外体育锻炼被帖上“贪玩”“浪费时间”等标签,很多人认为课外体育锻炼占用了“主科”学习时间而耽误学业。研究表明父母对青少年的体育参与具有显著影响,父母的受教育水平、体育意识等均对青少年参与体育锻炼产生影响[1],随着青少年年级增加,课外体育活动水平呈不同程度的下降[2]。……
