摘  要：隐喻是认知语言学领域的核心课题，其具身性与文化性引起了广泛争议。该文以人体最重要的内部器官之一“肝”为例，利用词典及语料库的真实语料对比汉英人体内部器官隐喻认知的共性与差异，旨在揭示概念隐喻构建过程中具身与文化要素所起的不同作用。研究发现：人类身体器官构造及功能的一致性使得汉英语中“肝”都可以喻指“勇气”;但由于医学传统及认知偏好等方面的差异，汉语偏重“肝”与其他内部器官连用喻指“悲伤、愤怒、恐惧”等内部情感而英语则偏重“肝”的颜色与形状投射。因此，隐喻构建是一个身体与文化互动的过程，身体是隐喻的普遍潜在基础，社会文化则像过滤器，造就隐喻的跨文化差异。

关键词：隐喻   具身性   文化性   肝

中图分类号：H05                           文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-3791（2021）09（b）-0194-05

A Study on Embodiment and Culturality of Metaphor

-Taking "Liver" as an Example

CUI Yongyong

（Shandong University of Finance and Economics， Jinan， Shandong Province， 250002 China）

Abstract： Metaphor is the core subject in the field of cognitive linguistics， and its embodiment and culture have aroused widespread controversy. This paper takes "liver"， one of the most important internal organs of the human body， as an example to compare the similarities and differences in the metaphorical cognition in Chinese and English. It aims to reveal the different roles of embodiment and cultural elements in the construction of conceptual metaphors. The research found that the consistency of the structure and function of human body organs makes it possible for "liver" to denote "courage" in both Chinese and English. However， due to the differences in medical tradition and cognitive preference， in Chinese， "liver" is usually combined with other internal organs to metaphorically refer to "sadness， anger and fear" while in English， the color and shape projection of "liver" is more prominent. Therefore， metaphorical construction is a process of interaction between body and culture. Body is the universal underlying basis of metaphor， while culture acts as a filter， creating cross-cultural differences in metaphors.

Key Words： Metaphor; Embodiment; Culture; Liver

隱喻是认知语言学领域的核心课题，反映人类认知的主要因素并揭示语言、思维及体验之间的关系。人的身体在对体验的概念化过程中起着举足轻重的作用，内部器官对人类认知的影响亦不可忽视。汉英语中均存在一定数量的与“肝”相关的表述，但由于汉英语使用者不同的社会文化背景，这些与“肝”相关的表述便被赋予了不用的隐喻意义。该文旨在以“肝”为例，发现汉英内部器官隐喻认知的共性与差异并探讨其诱因，并揭示概念隐喻构建过程中具身与文化要素所起的不同作用。

1  汉语“肝”隐喻

《现代汉语词典》第6版[1]列出的主要“肝”隐喻类别有：“肝”与“气”“火”连用;“肝”与另一内部器官连用;“肝”+动词。……