Priority of Justice: Analysis on John Rawls’ Social Institutional Justice

GONG Qun

Taking social system justice as the theme is the distinctive feature of Rawls’ theory of justice. The basic social system is also called the basic social structure in Rawls, which has a very far-reaching impact on people’s life and destiny, and will cause profound social inequality. Therefore, Rawls reiterates that justice has the primary value for the social system. The connotation of Rawls’ concept of justice is the basic freedom or equal basic rights of equal citizens. He employs this concept to measure institutional justice or construct the principle of institutional justice. Rawls inherited the method of classical contract theory and took contract as the starting point to construct a just basic social system. However, what’s different from the classical contract theory is that Rawls’ contract does not directly choose to establish a political society, but chooses the principle of justice that can guide the basic social system. Rawls believes that only when the two principles of justice are guaranteed, citizens can stimulate a broad sense of justice and ensure the stability of a just society. Under the background of pluralistic religion, morality, philosophy and culture, the overlapping consensus of the concept of political justice is also of great significance to the stability of a just society. At the same time, the stability of justice system by Rawls does not mean that there is no possibility of political change. As long as citizens’ basic equal and free rights are not guaranteed by the real system, the possibility of social changes will exist. The stability of just social system and political reform are equally important to Rawls.

EthicalAnalysisonSocialPreference

GONG Tian-ping

As a personal emotion and attitude, social preference refers to the individual’s concern for others’ welfare and the desire to maintain ethical norms. The ethical essence of social preference is embodied in the organic unity of personal empathy and justice sense, and it is an important inducement of human moral behavior. Social preference is the result of relationship shaping. Relativity is also mutuality, and mutuality shapes people’s social preference. Therefore, mutuality is the ethical basis of social preference. Social preference has positive values to social life and individual life, but the manifestation of this value not only requires individuals to pay attention to maintaining the balance between moral emotion and moral rationality and strengthen moral cultivation, but also requires the society to strengthen moral education on individuals.The combination of these two aspects constitutes the ethical guidance of social preference.

ConstantPursuitofBecomingaSage:PhilosophicalReviewofWANGYangming’sAspirationThought

ZHOU Hai-chun，XU Yan-ping

Wang Yangming’s life can be said to be certain determination, featuring a development from “locating a determination” to “carrying certain determination”. His doctrine of determination was among the teaching methods he originally proposed, and remained more or less unchanged through the three major changes in his theoretical framework. Even after he proposed “unity in knowledge and practice” and “attaining conscience”, the doctrine of determination was not given up. Instead, it was greatly enriched and advanced. In Wang’s view, determination is a three-in-one problem containing the origin, the practice and the result. Accordingly, determination also includes problems such as no determination, unreal determination and recalcitrance. Wang Yangming constantly focuses on determination because if he can’t solve the problem of determination, it’s difficult to promote people’s determination. “Attaining Conscience” theory is conducive to the problem of determination, for everyone has conscience and can “attain conscience”, which converges with “locating a determination”. The organic combination of “attaining conscience” and determination theory not only provides a solid theoretical support for the problem of being a sage, but also illustrates Wang Yangming’s efforts to continue the Confucian orthodoxy.

AestheticAnalysisonConnectionbetweenArchitecturalTasteofPingquanVillaandLIDeyu’sMentalPursuit

LU Cheng-wen，ZHANG Li-sha

Pingquan Villa was a private garden in Luoyang, which Li Deyu had managed for decades. It was also an influential garden in the history of Chinese gardens. Pingquan Villa is famous for its size, exotic rocks and precious plants, as well as a number of Li Deyu’s poems related. For busy official work, Li Deyu rarely lived in Pingquan Villa. But through memory, imagination and writing, he constructed a landscape world asTaohuayuanso as to achieve spiritual self-adaptation. In order to make up for the lack of garden life, Li Deyu ordered his descendants to keep every plant in Pingquan Villa, which has been criticized by later generations and has become a hot topic in the history of Chinese landscape architecture. In fact, Li Deyu’s view of keeping garden was on one hand related to his affection to gardens. On the other hand, the affect of psychological factors of maintaining his family’s political status cannot be excluded. Li Deyu was an influential man in the middle and late Tang dynasty whose garden practice and concepts had a great influence on later generations.

AnalysisonTwoWritingStylesandMentalImagesofOverseasChineseTraveloguesfromPortrayingEuro-AmericatoImagingSoutheast-Asia

XIA Jing

Since the second half of the 19th century, with a group of Chinese people studying abroad, modern external travelogues have emerged. In terms of the content and form, travelogues are all about the description of the observations, comments and feelings in a specific place. The sense of being local derives not only from the external knowledge of the travelogue, but also from its internal experience and belongingness. This is a continuous process, in which the travelers, deeply rooted in their mind, reshape the “place” in their writing subjectively and objectively. When it comes to Britain & America(BA) and Southeast Asia(SA, or Nanyang), China’s modern external travelogues have developed two different ways to see outside societies (BA) and (SA) due to the difference of “locations”. Consequently, distinctive styles have been developed in BA and SA travelogues. BA travelogues deal mainly with the writing of modern metropolis, economy, finance, education, agriculture, modern science and technology, displaying the writer’s pursuit of modernity and thinking. In contrast, SA travelogues mainly concern the dream of gold rush, lust, fairyland and so on. The description is romantic, less to do with the pursuit of modernity. The heterogeneous structures displayed in BA and SA travelogues reflect the spiritual images of modern Chinese intellectuals to a certain extent.

LearnandTransplant:HistoricalReviewofChineseGovernmentalDelegates’ExperienceofSovietUnionduringTheirStateVisitin1950

TANG Shi-chun

In 1950, the delegations of the Chinese Communist Party engaged in organizational and propaganda works visited the Soviet Union. It strengthened the sense of duty of the members of the delegations in constructing a New China. The Chinese delegations were royally received with warm Soviet ceremonies. The Soviet meticulous arrangement of schedules and daily routines, as well as showering gifts with each other made the delegations in a friendly and happy mood. The delegations witnessed the Soviet urban construction, cultural life, industrial production and collective farms, and felt the great achievements of Soviet socialist construction and the beauties of the Soviet society. This experience firmed up their belief of learning the Soviet Union. To construct China based on the Soviet experiences became the truehearted aspiration of the delegations at the time. Such mentality, mood and aspiration together composed the delegations’ emotional experiences in visiting the Soviet Union, and deeply effected their activities of learning the Soviet experiences. The sense of duty to construct New China was the main motivation, which activated the initiative of the delegations to learn the Soviet Union. The atmosphere of Sino-Soviet Friendship was an important condition to ensure learning the Soviet experiences would be continued. To yearn for the superiority of the Soviet socialist system ensured the experiences of the Soviet socialist construction to be the learning target, and promoted the diffusion of the Soviet knowledges and practice of naturalizing the Soviet system.

AnalysisonInteractionbetweenCross-borderE-commercePlatformandCoreCompetitivenessofChineseSMEs——ACaseStudyofAlibaba.com

MA Shu-zhong，PAN Gang-jian

At present, the rapid development of digital economy and digital trade are emerging at a specific historical point. Whether small and medium-sized enterprises and their core competitiveness can be further improved depends on whether China can transform from a traditional trading power to a digital trading power. However, all schools of the core competitiveness of traditional enterprises are faced with severe practical challenges in explaining the typical facts of the digital economy, lacking the value of guiding the practice of small and medium-sized enterprises. Based on the perspective of cross-border e-commerce platform, from the four dimensions of entrepreneurship, competitiveness deepening, competitiveness broadening and platform network effect, this paper uses three development stages of Alibaba international station to prove and reveal the connotation and extension of the core competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises in the era of digital economy. On this basis, this paper constructs a cross-border e-commerce platform ecosystem co-evolution model(win-win model) based on the value co-creation theory to explain the mechanism of cross-border e-commerce platform in helping SMEs improve their core competitiveness.