张伟阔 程思博 黄晓凡 汤效平 禹进 敬旭业 王彤

摘  要：随着可再生能源发电规模的日益增大以及电化学储能技术的不断发展，电池储能站已成为我国能源安全战略的重要技术支撑，但安全性问题一直制约着其大规模推广和应用。本文综述了国内外关于锂电池热失控及消防安全技术的研究进展，主要包括系统性地分析了触发热失控的原因，阐述了热失控时内部发生的副反应及气体产物的生成特性;梳理了电池热失控预警所涉及特征参数的工作原理及优缺点;对比了不同类型灭火剂对锂电池火灾的灭火效率，最后总结了集装箱式锂电池储能电站消防系统的特点及发展趋势。本文工作为解决储能电站锂电池的安全问题提供了借鑒和参考。

关键词：储能电站  锂电池  热失控  消防安全技术  灭火剂

中图分类号：TM912 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-098X（2021）07（b）-0189-05

Research Progress on Thermal Runaway and Fire Safety Technology of Lithium Battery in Energy Storage Power Station

ZHANG Weikuo1  CHENG Sibo1  HUANG Xiaofan1  TANG Xiaoping1  YU Jin2  JING Xuye1  WANG Tong1

（1. Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co.， Ltd.， Beijing， 100031 China; 2. Chongqing Jiaotong University， Chongqing， 400074 China）

Abstract： With the increasing of renewable energy power generation and the continuous development of electrochemical energy storage technology， battery energy storage station has become an important technical support for energy security strategy， but the safety problem has restricted its large-scale promotion and application. This paper summarizes the research progress of thermal runaway and fire safety technology of lithium battery at home and abroad，mainly including systematic analysis of the causes of thermal runaway， and describes the internal side reactions and the formation characteristics of gas products during thermal runaway. The working principle， advantages and disadvantages of characteristic parameters involved in battery thermal runaway early warning are combed; The fire extinguishing efficiency of different types of extinguishing agents on lithium battery fire are compared. Finally， the characteristics and development trend of the fire protection system of container lithium battery energy storage power station are summarized. This work provides a reference for solving the safety problem of lithium battery in energy storage power station.

Key Words： Energy storage power station; Lithium battery; Thermal runaway; Fire safety technology; Fire extinguishing agents

在“30·60”双碳目标指引和倒逼下，风电、光伏等可再生能源装机占比日益提高，但可再生能源发电具有出力波动大、可预测性差的特点，极大地限制了可再生能源的有效利用。作为推动可再生能源发展的关键技术，锂电池储能电站是解决上述问题的有效途径之一。随着可再生能源发电规模的日益增大以及电化学储能技术的不断发展，电池储能电站已成为我国能源安全战略的重要技术支撑[1]。随着锂电池成本的不断下降，锂电池储能系统将迎来爆发式的增长。然而锂电池储能系统存在着电池热失控燃烧爆炸的安全风险[2]，给社会造成严重的人员和财产损失。……