唐代纺织品中鸡形凤纹造型审美及其文化内涵
2021-11-28郭丰秋赵艾茜
郭丰秋 赵艾茜



摘要:
唐代纺织品中凤纹种类多样,造型生动而丰富,其中一类凤纹造型具有明显的鸡形特征和文化寓意。文章以现存纺织品实物为载体,借助图像学研究方法将唐代纺织品中鸡形凤纹分为凤踏莲花纹、团窠凤纹、对凤纹。通过对凤纹动态姿势中的凤首、凤翅和凤尾进行图像学分析,认为其反映了不同状态下鸡的造型,呈现出英武健壮和雍容闲雅两种审美特征。基于历史学、文化学和民俗学考察,研究认为在唐代社会文化中,鸡象征着帝王权力,且具有辟邪纳祥的功能,同时也反映了唐代人们由于喜爱斗鸡娱乐文化,因此,在纺织品中出现大量鸡形凤纹造型。
关键词:
唐代纺织品;鸡形凤纹;造型审美;文化内涵;图像学;民俗学
中图分类号: TS941.12;K892.23
文献标志码: B
文章编号: 10017003(2021)11008107
引用页码: 111202
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2021.11.014
Study on the aesthetics and cultural connotation of chicken shaped phoenixpattern in textiles of Tang dynasty
GUO Fengqiu1, ZHAO Aixi2
(1.School of Fashion, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China; 2.College of Fashion and Design,Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China)
Abstract:
Various phoenix patterns with vivid and plentiful shapes can be found in textiles of Tang dynasty, one of which is the phoenix pattern with obvious chicken-shaped characteristics and cultural connotation. With the existing actual textiles as the carrier, this paper classified chicken-shaped phoenix pattern in textiles of the Tang dynasty into phoenix on lotus flower pattern, round areal-shaped phoenix pattern, and paired phoenix pattern through iconology research method. Through iconology analysis of the dynamic postures of phoenix pattern, including the phoenix head, wings and tail, it is believed that they show the shape of chickens in different states, and demonstrate two aesthetic characteristics of valiant pattern and graceful pattern. Based on the historical, cultural and folklore studies, it is believed that in the social culture of Tang dynasty, the cock symbolized power of emperor with the function of dispelling evil spirits, which also reflected that the people of Tang Dynasty were fond of cockfighting for entertainment. As a result, there are a lot of chicken-shaped phoenix patterns in textiles.
Key words:
textiles of Tang dynasty; chicken shaped phoenix pattern; shape aesthetics; cultural connotation; iconography; folklore
作者簡介: 郭丰秋(1984),女,教授,主要从事服饰文化、服装设计理论的研究。
在中国古代社会,凤是神禽灵鸟,与龙一起成为中华民族祥瑞符号,体现着人们对身外世界的敬畏、想象、美化和崇拜之情,其形象则是建立在诸多鸟禽、动物造型基础之上。《中国凤凰造型》中将其分为孔雀形凤、鸡形凤、鹤形凤、鹰形凤、拐子凤、燮凤等,认为长喙尖嘴及凤冠的凤纹原型是公鸡[1]。唐代以来,凤凰在人们心中的地位逐渐从远古时期的神鸟、仙鸟转变为瑞鸟、祥鸟,上至帝王将相,下至民间百姓都喜爱凤,亦可使用凤。因此,唐代是凤纹艺术繁荣发展、异彩纷呈的时代,有的以鸟为主要原型,有的以鸡为主要原型,或两相杂糅、融合其他动物特征,同时又受到波斯、佛教等外来文化影响,凤纹与忍冬草、葡萄纹、飞天、火焰宝珠、莲花等元素组合在一起,表现出浓郁的异域风情。……
