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黎锦的结构与织造工艺及其龙被刺绣技法研究

2021-11-28钱小萍沈芝娴方婷玉

丝绸 2021年11期

钱小萍 沈芝娴 方婷玉

摘要:

“黎族传统纺染织绣技艺”是联合国教科文组织首批急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录之一,也是海南黎族传统工艺的典型代表。为使人们对黎锦技艺有更深入、全面的认识,文章重点对黎锦的织物结构和织造原理,以及对黎锦龙被的刺绣技法展开深入研究,通过对海南黎锦龙被先后两次的复制实践,论述了黎锦独特的技术原理,剖析了黎锦的组织结构和织造技艺的巧妙之处,同时研究了黎锦龙被刺绣技法,以期黎族这一代表性的传统纺织技艺能得到更好的传承和弘扬。

關键词:

海南黎族;纺染织绣;纺织技艺;黎锦;龙被;非遗;腰机;滴针绣

中图分类号: TS106.842

文献标志码: A

文章编号: 10017003(2021)11000104

引用页码: 111101

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2021.11.001

Research on Li brocade structure and weaving process and dragon quilt embroidery technique

QIAN Xiaoping, SHEN Zhixian, FANG Tingyu

(Suzhou QIAN Xiaoping Ancient Silk Reproduction Research Institute, Suzhou 215001, China)

Abstract:

"Li nationality traditional spinning, dyeing, weaving and embroidery process" included in the first batch of intangible cultural heritage lists by UNESCO in urgent need of protection is also a typical representative of the traditional craftsmanship of the Li nationality in Hainan. To make people acquire a more in-depth and comprehensive understanding of Li brocade craftsmanship, this paper conducts an in-depth study of Li brocade fabric structure and weaving principles, and Li embroidery techniques of brocade dragon quilt. Through the practice of duplicating Li brocade dragon quilt, this paper discusses the unique technical principles of Li brocade and analyzes the organizational structure of Li brocade and the ingeniousness of the weaving process. At the same time, this paper studies the Li brocade dragon quilt embroidery technique, hoping that this representative traditional textile technique of the Li nationality can be better inherited and promoted.

Key words:

Hainan Li nationality; spinning dyeing; weaving craftsmanship; Li brocade; dragon quilt; intangible cultural heritage; waist loom; drop needle embroidery

作者简介: 钱小萍(1939),女,研究员,国家级丝绸专家,宋锦织造技艺国家级传承人,苏州丝绸博物馆创始人和首任馆长,首届全国茧丝绸行业“终身成就奖”获得者,主要从事中国古今丝织物的研究。

黎锦花色丰富,质地细密平整而坚实,织造技艺精湛,是少数民族织锦中极具代表性的地方品种之一,被誉为中国纺织史上的“活化石”,在中国织锦中具有重要的历史地位和文化价值[1]。其中,龙被是黎锦中的一个重要品种。

龙被古称“崖州被”,又称“广幅被”,是历代进贡皇室的珍品之一。龙被集黎族纺、染、织、绣四大工艺于一体,具有极高的艺术品位和文化价值,但制作难度大,费时费工,堪称黎锦中的巅峰之作。2005年,“黎族传统纺染织绣技艺”(含麻纺织、絣染、双面绣、龙被织造)被列入海南省第一批省级非物质文化遗产代表性名录。……

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