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静电纺聚丙烯腈/MgO复合膜的制备及阻燃性能研究

2021-11-26田银彩林秋虎

现代纺织技术 2021年6期

田银彩 林秋虎

摘 要:通过添加阻燃剂纳米MgO改善聚丙烯腈(PAN)在阻燃性能方面的缺陷。首先以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂配制PAN和纳米MgO的混合溶液,然后采用静电纺丝法制备不同比例的PAN/MgO薄膜,最后分析不同MgO质量分数对复合薄膜形貌、结构、力学性能以及阻燃性能的影响。结果表明:随着MgO质量分数的增加,纤维的直径逐渐减小;PAN/MgO复合薄膜的结晶度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均随着MgO质量分数的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,当MgO质量分数为5%时出现最大值;同时MgO的添加明显提高PAN的阻燃性能,当MgO质量分数为5%时阻燃效果最好。

关键词:聚丙烯腈;氧化镁;静电纺丝;阻燃性能

中图分类号: TQ325.8

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1009-265X(2021)06-0039-04

Preparation and Flame Retardancy of Polyacrylonitrile/MgO CompositeMembrane by Electrospinning

TIAN Yincai, LIN Qiuhu

(College of Materials Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 450007, China)

Abstract: The flame retardancy of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is improved by adding the fire retardant, nano-MgO. First of all, the mixed solution of PAN and nano-MgO was prepared by using N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as the solvent. Then PAN/MgO films with different proportions were prepared by means of electrospinning. Finally, the effect of different MgO mass fractions on the morphology, structure, mechanical properties and flame retardancy of the composite films were investigated. The results showed that the diameter of the fibers gradually decreased, with the increase of MgO mass fraction. The crystallinity, tensile strength and elongation at break of the PAN/MgO composite films all first increased and then decreased with the increase of MgO mass fraction, and when the MgO mass fraction was 5%, the maximum value occurred. At the same time, the addition of MgO significantly improved the flame retardancy of PAN. When the MgO mass fraction was 5%, the flame retardancy was the best.

Key words: PAN; MgO; electrospinning; flame retardancy

收稿日期:2020-09-02 网络首发日期:2021-01-25

作者简介:田银彩(1988-),女,河南许昌人,博士,讲师,主要从事功能高分子材料及高性能纤维方面的研究。

通信作者:林秋虎,E-mail:linqiuhu@126.com

聚丙烯腈纤维是四大合成纤维之一,具有色泽鲜艳,手感柔软,弹性、蓬松性、保暖性好等优点[1-2]。但是由于聚丙烯腈纤维中存在大量的氰基会导致聚合物中碳-碳键断裂,聚丙烯腈纤维的极限氧指数LOI值为18%[3-4],极易燃烧,大大的限制了其进一步的应用。

阻燃剂分为反应型和添加型两种类别,反应型阻燃剂通常是作为一种单体参加聚合反应,进而使聚合物本身具有阻燃的成分[5],而添加型阻燃剂是通过机械混合的方法加入到聚合物基体中,从而使復合物达到阻燃的功能[6-7]。目前添加型阻燃剂主要分成无机和有机两类,其中有机类主要有磷系、卤系、硅系、硫系、氮系等[8]。……

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