邱靖斯 葛烨倩

摘 要：高性能纤维具有普通纤维不具备的高强高模、耐高温等特殊性能，可广泛应用于军用和高技术领域。然而此类纤维具有生产技术复杂、成本价格高和产品性能稳定性不足等局限，使其难以向大众民用推广。为了将高性能纤维及其纺织品引入大众生活中，促进高性能纤维在各个领域的利用率的深化和扩大，以碳纤维、芳纶纤维和超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为代表，回顾介绍了此三大纤维及产品的低成本生产、着色印花、功能优化等技术进展。其中主要分析了这些技术的创新要点、产品的性能特点和应用，以及仍需进一步深入探究的问题，其中包括如何降低纺织产品成本、提升纺织产品性能以及增加纺织产品的附加值，为中国高性能纤维产品的技术竞争力提高和开发方向提供思路。

关键词：高性能纤维;碳纤维;芳纶纤维;超高分子量聚乙烯纤维

中图分类号： TS102.52

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1009-265X（2021）06-0001-06

Research Progress of Top Three High-performing Fibers and Textiles for Civil Use

QIU Jingsi， GE Yeqian

（School of Textile and Apparel， Shaoxing University， Shaoxing 312000， China）

Abstract： High-performing fiber has special properties such as high strength， high modulus and high-temperature resistance which ordinary fiber does not have. It can be widely applied in military and high-tech fields. However， it is difficult to popularize this kind of fiber to the public due to its limitations such as complicated production technology， high cost and low stability of product performance. In order to introduce high-performing fiber and its textiles into public life， deepen and expand the utilization rates of high-performance fiber in various fields， we selected carbon fiber， aramid fiber and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber as the representatives， and reviewed the technical progress of these three fiber products in terms of low-cost production， dyeing and printing， and functional optimization. We mainly analyzed the innovation points of these technologies， the performance characteristics and application of the products， and the problems that need to be further explored， including how to reduce the processing cost， promote the performance and increase the added value of textile products. It is expected that these can provide ideas for the improvement of technical competitiveness and the development direction of high-performing fiber products in China.

Key words： high-performing fiber; carbon fiber; aramid fiber; ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber

高性能纖维对来自外部的光、电、热、力等物理作用和氧化剂、酸碱等化学作用均具有较强的耐受力，具有高强高模、耐高温、阻燃等性能。高性能纤维可分为有机纤维和无机纤维两类[1]。有机纤维包括：芳香族聚酰胺纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、聚苯硫醚纤维等;无机纤维主要包括：碳纤维、陶瓷纤维等。其中，仍处于高速发展期的三大纤维，即碳纤维、芳纶纤维和超高分子量聚乙烯纤维，已逐渐并行进入了激烈的技术创新竞争期;他们的全球市场需求规模加速扩张。……