米索前列醇对比缩宫素预防产后出血的临床有效性及安全性的Meta分析
2021-11-24董魏徵董敏陈海燕徐萌艳
董魏徵 董敏 陈海燕 徐萌艳



中圖分类号 R714.7;R984 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2021)21-2655-07
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2021.21.16
摘 要 目的:系统评价米索前列醇对比缩宫素预防产后出血的临床有效性及安全性,为临床用药提供循证参考。方法:计算机检索中国知网、维普网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library,检索时限均为建库起至2021年2月15日,收集国内外公开发表的关于米索前列醇对比缩宫素预防产后出血的临床有效性及安全性的临床随机对照试验(RCT)。对检索获得的文献根据纳入与排除标准进行筛选和质量评价,并采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入14项RCT,合计25 732例产妇。Meta分析结果显示,米索前列醇组产妇在平均出血量[MD=14.96,95%CI(-2.62,32.54),P=0.10]、第三产程时间[MD=-0.03,95%CI(-0.19,0.13),P=0.69]、输血率[RR=0.91,95%CI(0.74,1.12),P=0.37]、恶心发生率[RR=1.06,95%CI(0.85,1.31),P=0.60]方面与缩宫素组比较,差异均无统计学意义;但是寒战发生率[RR=2.99,95%CI(2.22,4.04),P<0.000 01]、发热发生率[RR=4.31,95%CI(2.79,6.67),P<0.000 01]、呕吐发生率[RR=2.16,95%CI(1.63,2.88),P<0.000 01]、腹泻发生率[RR=2.67,95%CI(1.79,3.98),P<0.000 01]均显著高于缩宫素组。结论:米索前列醇预防产后出血的效果与缩宫素相当,但是不良反应发生率较高,在使用过程中需密切关注不良反应发生情况。由于纳入的研究存在一定的局限性,今后仍需多中心、大样本、高质量的RCT进一步验证本结论。
关键词 米索前列醇;缩宫素;产后出血;有效性;安全性;Meta分析
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of misoprostol versus oxytocin in preventing postpartum hemorrhage, and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical drug use. METHODS: Retrieved from CNKI, VIP, Wanfang database, CBM, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published at home and abroad about clinical efficacy and safety of misoprostol and oxytocin in preventing postpartum hemorrhage were collected during the inception to Feb. 15th, 2021. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the included studies were screened and evaluated. RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 14 RCTs involving 25 732 lying-in women were included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that compared with oxytocin group, there was no difference in the mean blood loss (MD=14.96, 95%CI(-2.62, 32.54), P=0.10), the time of the third stage of labor (MD=-0.03, 95%CI (-0.19, 0.13), P=0.69), the incidence of blood transfusion (RR=0.91, 95%CI(0.74, 1.12), P=0.37) or the incidence of nausea (RR=1.06, 95%CI(0.85, 1.31), P=0.60) in misoprostol group; but the incidence of shivering (RR=2.99, 95%CI (2.22, 4.04), P<0.000 01), the incidence of fever (RR=4.31, 95%CI(2.79, 6.67), P<0.000 01), the incidence of vomiting (RR=2.16, 95%CI(1.63, 2.88), P<0.000 01) and the incidence of diarrhea (RR=2.67, 95%CI(1.79, 3.98), P<0.000 01) in misoprostol group were higher. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of misoprostol in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage is similar to oxytocin, but the incidence of ADR is higher. It is necessary to pay close attention to the adverse reactions during use. Due to the limitation of included studies, multi-center, large-scale and high-quality RCTs are needed for further validation.
KEYWORDS Misoprostol; Oxytocin; Postpartum hemor- rhage; Efficacy; Safety; Meta-analysis
产后出血(postpartum hemorrhage) 是导致产妇死亡的主要病因[1]。相关研究表明,产后出血导致死亡占我国产妇死亡原因的80%,而子宫收缩乏力是导致产后出血的重要病因[2]。近年来,随着产科技术的不断发展,虽然产后出血直接导致的产妇病死率呈现逐年下降的趋势,但是产后出血仍居产妇死因首位[3-4]。为避免产妇发生产后出血,临床应制定合理的预防方案,根据产妇实际情况及时给予药物预防干预,以有效减少产妇的出血量、降低病死率。世界卫生组织(WHO)建议肌内注射缩宫素作为产后出血的标准预防措施[5]。但是,缩宫素需要冷藏储存,并且需要采取注射的方式给药,在不发达国家或者偏远地区的使用非常不便。……
