高层建筑灭火救援作战编成的思考
2021-11-23余开智
余开智
摘 要:社会经济高速发展下,为缓解日益紧张的城市土地不足问题,高层建筑逐渐在城市建筑中占据重要比例。由于高层建筑体量大、空间跨度大、结构功能复杂,一旦发生火灾,极易给人们造成财产损失,甚至人员伤亡。本文针对高层建筑火灾类型、特点、难点及作战的主要任务,诠释高层建筑灭火救援作战编成的战术,探讨如何和做好高层建筑灭火救援作战编成工作,进一步探索高层建筑灭火救援的战术战法,切实提升高层救援的技战术水平。
关键词:高层建筑 火灾特点 消防救援 作战编成
中图分类号:TU998.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-098X(2021)07(a)-0187-03
Thoughts on the Organization of Fire Fighting and Rescue Operations in High-Rise Buildings
YU Kaizhi
(Haizhu District Brigade of Guangzhou Fire Rescue Detachment, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510220 China)
Abstract: With the rapid development of social economy, in order to alleviate the increasingly tense problem of urban land shortage, high-rise buildings gradually occupy an important proportion in urban buildings. Due to the large volume, large space span and complex structural functions of high-rise buildings, once a fire occurs, it is very easy to cause property losses and even casualties. Aiming at the types, characteristics, difficulties and main tasks of high-rise building fire, this paper interprets the tactics of high-rise building fire fighting and rescue operations, discusses how to do a good job in high-rise building fire fighting and rescue operations, further explores the tactical methods of high-rise building fire fighting and rescue, and effectively improves the technical and tactical level of high-rise rescue.
Key Words: High-rise building; Fire characteristics; Fire rescue; Combat formation
近年來,各类高层建筑急剧增多,高层建筑火灾层出不穷,据不完全统计,近10年,全国共发生高层建筑火灾3.1万起,亡474人,直接财产损失15.6亿元。其中,特别重大火灾3起,重大火灾4起,较大火灾24起。据公安部消防局公布,近年来高层建筑火灾近4成由电器线路引发。2010年11月15日,上海余姚路胶州路28层教师公寓大楼发生火灾,58人遇难。2017年6月14日凌晨,伦敦高层公寓楼格兰菲尔塔发生火灾,调动45辆消防车、200多名消防员,此次火灾造成81人遇难,烧毁了151个家庭,是伦敦29年来最惨重的火灾。
1 高层建筑火警的类型及特点
1.1 高层建筑火警类型
高层建筑是指建筑高度超过27m的住宅建筑和超过24m高的非单层其他民用建筑为高层建筑。高层建筑火灾主要分为高层住宅火灾、高层公共建筑火灾、高层工业建筑火灾和超高层建筑火灾等。
1.2 高层建筑火灾特点……p>
