李百云 李慧

摘 要：特早熟灵武长枣是从灵武长枣品种群体中选出的早熟芽变枣鲜食新品系。果实长椭圆形，平均单果重14.07 g，最大单果重20.0 g;果实纵径为47.43 cm，横径为27.32 cm;果实紫红色，果顶凹入或微凸;果肉淡绿色，肉质脆，汁液较多，味甘甜，核内无仁，品质上等;可溶性固形物含量24.04%，总糖含量22.82%，总酸含量0.27%，果肉硬度14.0 kg/cm2，维生素C含量451.19 mg/100 g。不易落果，在宁夏灵武，果实9月初成熟，果实成熟较普通灵武长枣提早25 d。在宁夏灵武市，特早熟灵武长枣4月下旬萌芽，5月上旬展叶，枣头枝开始生长，6月上旬开花，6月中旬开始坐果，果实8月中下旬开始着色，9月上旬全红成熟，果实发育期80 d，成熟期比灵武长枣早20～25 d。10月上旬叶片变黄，10月底落叶，较普通灵武长枣提早落叶15 d。适宜在灵武长枣主产区栽培，主要在灵武市，或与之类似的环境栽培。栽培技术同灵武长枣。

关键词：灵武长枣;芽变;早熟

文章编号：2096-8108（2021）06-0081-06  中图分类号：S665.1  文献标识码：A

Breeding of Early-maturing Superior Lines of Lingw

u Chang Jujube

LI Baiyun， LI Hui

（Horticultural Research Institute， Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences， Yinchuan 750002， China

）

Abstract：Early maturing Lingwu Chang Jujube is a new cultivar of early maturing budding jujube. The fruit is oblong， with an average fruit weight of 15.0 g and the largest fruit weight of 20.0 g; the longitudinal diameter of the fruit is 48.40 cm and the transverse diameter is 27.65 cm; the fruit is purplish red， with concave or slightly convex top; the flesh is light green， crisp， juicy， sweet， kernel free， high quality; the soluble solid content is 24.04%， the total sugar content is 22.82%， the toal acid content is 0.27%， and the flesh hardness is 14.0% 19 mg / 100 g. In Lingwu of Ningxia， the fruit ripens in early September， 25 days earlier than that of common Lingwu. In Lingwu City of Ningxia， Lingwu Chang Jujube sprouts in late April， unfolds leaves in early May， the first branch of jujube begins to grow， blooms in early June， sets fruit in mid June， the fruit begins to color in mid and late August， and matures red in early September. The fruit development period is 80 days， and the maturity period is 20-25 days earlier than Lingwu

Chang Jujube. The leaves turned yellow in the first ten days of October and fell at the end of October， 15 days earlier than that of common Lingwu Chang Jujube. It is suitable to be cultivated in the main production area of Lingwu Jujube， mainly in Lingwu City or similar environment. The cultivation technique is the same as Lingwu Chang Jujube.

Keywords：Lingwu Chang Jujube; bud mutation; early maturity

棗（ Zizyphus jujuba Mill.）是中国特产果树树种之一，也是宁夏地区重点发展的果树树种之一。灵武长枣、中宁圆枣、同心圆枣在宁夏地区栽培面积最大的3个地方品种[1-2]。现有灵武长枣面积约1万hm2，其中灵武市现有灵武长枣基地达9 470 hm2，2018年，灵武长枣销售1 773. 6万kg，其中，露地长枣1 736. 2万kg，设施长枣37. 4万kg，产值近亿元。2019年1月，“宁夏回族自治区灵武市灵武长枣中国特色农产品优势区”入选农业农村部等九部门联合发布的第2批中国特色农产品优势区名单。2019年11月18日，农业农村部网站上公布了“中国农业品牌目录2019农产品区域公用品牌发布”，灵武长枣位列其中[3]。……