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果树节水生产技术

2021-11-23杨晓华

山西果树 2021年6期

摘 要:水分是果树生长发育不可缺少的物质,果树各生育期都需要保证水分的供应。分析了水分对果树生长发育的影响,介绍了果园适度干旱的益处。提出了保、节、灌、排并重,通过修筑水土保持设施,准备深层肥水库,覆盖黑地膜、覆草,有机物和穴贮肥水结合,生草制及适时采取沟灌、渗灌、喷灌、滴灌、水肥一体化等局部灌溉的方法进行果园节水生产,以满足果树生长发育对水分的需求。

关键词:果树;保水;节水技术

文章编号:2096-8108(2021)06-0047-03  中图分类号:S66  文献标识码:A

Water Saving Production Technology of Deciduous Fruit Trees

YANG Xiaohua

(Pomology Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China)

Abstract:Water is an indispensable substance for the growth and development of fruit trees. In fruit tree production, appropriate water-saving production technology can save water resources and ensure the normal production of fruit trees. Through investigation and research, and put forward the insurance, sections, irrigation, pay equal attention to, through the construction of soil and water conservation facilities, to the deep fat reservoir, covered with black plastic sheeting, covering grass, organic matter and hole and water storage, grass and take actions furrow irrigation, (poa pratensis) local irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation, cucumber in the orchard water-saving production methods, in order to meet the demand for water fruit tree growth.

Keywords:fruit trees; water retention; water saving technology

水是生命之源,是果树生长发育不可缺少的物质,果树各生育期都需要保证水分的供应。生产中有些果农认为要实现果树的高产优质就需要多灌水,其实不然,灌水过于频繁,水量过多,不但造成了水资源的浪费,而且会影响果树的正常生产。笔者通过调研,分析了水分对果树生长结果的影响,提出了果树节水生产技术措施,以供参考。

1 水分对果树生长发育的影响

水分是果树树体组成的重要成分,而且是绿色植物进行光合作用的重要原料,对果树生长有促进作用。春季遇到干旱缺水,水分供应严重不足,则果树萌芽晚或发芽不整齐,开花坐果率低,叶片光合作用受阻,影响果树枝叶及果实生长发育,从而导致果树大量落果或造成果个小、品质下降,严重缺水时,降低越冬能力,果树会萎焉、甚至死亡。浇水过多,

造成营养元素的流失,诱发根系缺氧,制约根系发育,造成树体营养生长和生殖生长失调,而且还会传播病害。……

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