摘 要：为了提高葡萄品质和产量，在葡萄叶面喷施不同浓度磷酸二氢钾，研究了不同喷施浓度对叶片叶绿素含量、果实品质和产量的影响。结果表明：叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾后葡萄叶片叶绿素含量、果实品质和产量均有所提高。不同处理中叶面喷施0.3%磷酸二氢钾的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量、维生素C、总酸含量、花色苷和黄酮含量、单粒重、穗重和产量最高，且外观色泽深浅适中，综合效果最佳。其总叶绿素含量、维生素C含量、花色苷含量、单粒重、穗重和产量分别为3.44 mg/g、60.12 mg/g、3.73 mg/g、11.13 g、556.58 g和30 952.61 kg/hm2，较对照（CK）分别提高了53.57%、156.59%、133.13%、13.80%、9.91%和11.39%，建议在葡萄生产中优先示范推广。

关键词：葡萄;磷酸二氢钾;喷施浓度;叶绿素;品质;产量

文章编号：2096-8108（2021）06-0022-05  中图分类号：S663.1  文献标识码：A

Effects of Foliar Spraying KH2PO4 on Fruit Yield and Quality of Grape

ZHANG Haisheng

（Huazang Forestry Center of Tianzhu County， Tianzhu 733299，China）

Abstract：In order to increase quality and yield， different concentration KH2PO4 was sprayed on leaves， the effects of different spray concentration on photosynthetic pigment content， fruit quality and yield were studied. The result showed that the leaf photosynthetic pigment content， fruit quality and yield were increased after KH2PO4 was sprayed on leaves. The chlorophyll a， chlorophyll b， total chlorophyll and carotenoid content， vitamin C and total acid content， anthocyanin and flavones content， single berry and cluster weight of sprayed 0.3% KH2PO4 on leaves were the highest in all treatments， and the fruit color was beautiful， the comprehensive effect was the best. The total chlorophyll， vitamin， anthocyanin content， single berry， cluster weight and yield of sprayed 0.3% KH2PO4 on leaves were 3.44 mg/g， 60.12 mg/g， 3.73 mg/g， 11.13 g， 556.58 g and 30 952.61 kg/hm2， which were increased 53.57%， 156.59%， 133.13%， 13.80%， 9.91% and 11.39% separately， the treatment was should be used in grape production preferentially.

Keywords：

grape; KH2PO4; spray concentration; photosynthetic pigment; quality; yield

葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）屬葡萄科葡萄属多年生藤本植物，在我国葡萄的栽培面积和产量均居果树第2位。葡萄是一种营养价值高的浆果，含有大量的糖类、甘露醇、多种维生素、各种矿物质和10多种氨基酸，葡萄果实皮薄肉厚，味甜汁多，广为人们喜爱。近年来，天祝县利用冷凉的气候资源和充足的光照发展设施葡萄延迟栽培，产期可调控到元旦前后，栽培效益极高。

施肥是提高果实品质和产量的主要措施之一，现代农业生产中肥料对产量增收的贡献率至少是25%，在发达国家这一数字甚至高达50%～60%[1]。植物除根系吸收养分外，叶片、枝条、果实等地上器官也能吸收养分，在农业生产中可利用叶面喷肥的方法提高品质和产量。唐岩等[2]研究结果表明“红将军”苹果（Malus pumila）叶面喷施0.2%～0.6%磷酸二氢钾后，果实香气物质种类和含量增加，香气物质种类和含量均随喷施浓度的增高而增加。……