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上海市2020年抗结核药物不良反应报告分析

2021-11-18周小花黄堃董平孟现民

上海医药 2021年21期
关键词:分析

周小花 黄堃 董平 孟现民

摘 要 目的:對上海市2020年抗结核药物不良反应报告进行分析,以期为临床合理使用抗结核药物提供参考。方法:收集上海市2020年抗结核药物不良反应报告,用Excel表格对相关数据进行统计和分析。结果:共有234例不良反应报告,涉及10种抗结核药物,其中占比>10%的依次为利福平胶囊(67例,28.6%)、吡嗪酰胺片(64例,27.4%)、异烟肼片(36例,15.4%)和乙胺丁醇片(35例,15.0%),4药合计占比达86.4%。234例不良反应报告中,肝功能异常91例(38.9%),皮炎/皮疹52例(22.2%),血尿酸水平升高29例(12.4%),胃肠道反应25例(10.7%)。抗结核药物的不良反应主要发生在开始用药后的1个月内(81.6%)。不良反应的转归结果,痊愈37例(15.8%),好转163例(69.7%),未好转24例(10.3%),结果不详10例(4.3%)。结论:抗结核药物不良反应多见于利福平、吡嗪酰胺、异烟肼和乙胺丁醇,主要发生在开始用药后的1个月内。肝功能异常是抗结核药物的最常见不良反应。绝大多数不良反应转归良好。

关键词 抗结核药物 不良反应 分析

中图分类号:R978.3; R969.3 文献标志码:C 文章编号:1006-1533(2021)21-0024-04

Analysis of adverse reactions of antituberculosis drugs in Shanghai in 2020

ZHOU Xiaohua1, HUANG Kun2, DONG Ping1, MENG Xianmin1(1. Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China; 2. Shanghai Center for Adverse Reaction Monitoring of Drugs and Medical Devices, Shanghai 200040, China)

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the adverse reactions of antituberculosis drugs in Shanghai in 2020 in order to provide reference for clinically rational use of antituberculosis drugs. Methods: The adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of antituberculosis drugs reported in Shanghai in 2020 were collected and the data were statistically analyzed by Excel. Results: A total of 234 cases of ADRs were reported, involving 10 antituberculosis drugs, among which the proportions >10% were rifampicin capsules (67 cases, 28.6%), pyrazinamide tablets (64 cases, 27.4%), isoniazid tablets (36 cases, 15.4%) and ethambutol tablets (35 cases, 15.0%). The proportion of the four drugs in total accounted for 86.4%. Among the 234 reported ADRs, there were 91 (38.9%) with abnormal liver function, 52 (22.2%) with dermatitis/rash, 29 (12.4%) with elevated serum uric acid level, and 25 (10.7%) with gastrointestinal reactions. The adverse reactions of antituberculosis drugs mainly occurred within 1 month after the beginning of drug use (81.6%). In the outcome of adverse reactions, 37 cases (15.8%) were cured, 163 cases (69.7%) were improved, 24 cases (10.3%) were not improved, and 10 cases (4.3%) were unknown. Conclusion: The adverse reactions of antituberculosis drugs were more common in rifampicin, pyrazinamide, isoniazid and ethambutol, which mainly occurred within 1 month after the beginning of drug use. Abnormal liver function is the most common adverse reaction of antituberculous drugs. The outcome of vast majority of adverse reactions turns out to be positive.

KEy wORDS antituberculosis drugs; adverse drug reactions; analysis

有资料显示,药品不良反应不仅会增加患者的住院次数,延长患者的住院时间,且也会增加患者的经济负担[1-3]。如何减少和避免药品不良反应的发生是医学界面临的挑战之一。为此,国家积极采取措施,开展药品不良反应监测工作,引导并督促药品生产企业、医疗机构和医务人员做好药品不良反应的监测和上报工作。作为一线医务人员,我们有义务、有责任总结和分析药品不良反应发生的情况,找出药品不良反应发生的规律,为临床合理用药提供指导,保障患者的用药安全。本文……

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