人溶瘤腺病毒的研究进展
2021-11-18申祖杰王艳杰康燕燕林楠高剑文
申祖杰 王艳杰 康燕燕 林楠 高剑文
摘 要 溶瘤腺病毒是一种经过人工改造的,可以特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞的一类腺病毒。常用的腺病毒为致病力弱的人血清2型或5型腺病毒。该病毒对正常机体的细胞无明显不良反应,但是可以特异性地在肿瘤细胞中大量增殖、裂解肿瘤细胞和破坏肿瘤微环境。在溶瘤腺病毒的作用下被感染的肿瘤细胞释放出大量的肿瘤特异性抗原,进而激发全身性的抗肿瘤免疫反应,最终达到治疗肿瘤的目的。溶瘤腺病毒治疗肿瘤不良反应小、精度高、抗干扰能力强,具有广阔的运用前景。
关键词 溶瘤腺病毒 肿瘤 免疫疗法 联合用药
中图分类号:R979.19 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2021)21-0076-05
Research progress of human oncolytic adenovirus
SHEN Zujie1, WANG Yanjie2, KANG Yanyan2, LIN Nan2, GAO Jianwen2
(1. Shanghai Sunway Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China; 2. Shanghai Medical Staff University, Shanghai 200135, China)
ABSTRACT Oncolytic adenovirus is a type of human adenovirus that is artificially modified and can specifically kill tumor cells. Commonly used adenovirus is human adenovirus serotype 2 or serotype 5, both are weakly pathogenic adenoviruses. This virus has no obvious adverse reactions to normal body cells, however, it can specifically proliferate in tumor cells in large quantities and lyse tumor cells and destroy the tumor microenvironment. Under the action of oncolytic adenovirus, the infected tumor cells release a large number of tumor-specific antigens, which ultimately stimulate a systemic anti-tumor immune response, and finally achieve the purpose of treating tumors. Oncolytic adenovirus for the treatment of tumors has small adverse reactions, high precision and strong anti-interference abilities and may have broad application prospects.
KEy wORDS oncolytic adenovirus; tumor; immunization therapy; drug combination
恶性肿瘤是目前威胁人类生命健康的重大疾病之一,是继心血管疾病的世界第二大死因,全球有近1/6的死亡是由癌症造成的,且近十几年来恶行肿瘤的发病率每年呈现约3.9%的上升态势,死亡率每年呈2.5%的上升态势,防控形势极其严峻[1]。目前针对肿瘤的治疗主要包括手术治疗、放射治疗、化学治疗、中医中药治疗和生物免疫疗法等5种,其中生物免疫疗法逐渐展现出其治疗优势。溶瘤腺病毒疗法属于生物免疫疗法范畴,是通过分子生物学的方法,人为改造腺病毒的基因组结构,使该病毒特异性地感染肿瘤细胞,而不对正常细胞造成威胁的一种新型治疗方法[2]。至今世界上已有2种腺病毒类肿瘤药物上市,分别为复制缺陷型人p53注射液(商品名:今又生),和人腺病毒5型注射液(商品名:安柯瑞),其中安柯瑞是世界上首个上市的溶瘤腺病毒药物[3]。……
