邓波 王亚磊 林思思 张玉 管志勇 房伟民 陈发棣 王海滨

摘要：   本研究旨在了解传统菊展览品种资源现状，为进一步系统开展传统菊品种资源普查、整理、保护和利用奠定基础。参考《植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南 菊花》，对第七届、第八届中国菊花精品展参展传统菊品种、第十三届中国菊花展和第八届湖熟菊花展展览的传统菊的瓣型、花型、花色、叶型4个质量性状和株高、花径、叶长、叶宽、茎粗5个数量性状进行了性状记录与整理分析。共调查传统菊品种304个，瓣型以匙瓣型和管瓣型为主，花色以黄色、白色、间色居多，叶型主要为正叶型和长叶型，5个数量性状的变异系数分布于 20%～ 29%，除了茎粗和株高呈显著正相关外，其余数量性状两两之间均呈极显著正相关。同时发现不少传统菊品种存在同名异物、同物异名等现象。说明，传统菊品种数量繁多，具有丰富的遗传变异类型。在今后的工作中，应加大品种保护、收集、整理和评价的工作力度，加强对名贵珍稀品种的保护，加快构建科学合理的菊花品种分类和保护系统。

关键词：  菊花精品展; 传统菊; 资源调查; 性状记录; 品种保护

中图分类号：  S682.1 +1    文獻标识码： A    文章编号：  1000-4440（2021）05-1292-07

Investigation and analysis on traditional chrysanthemum cultivars resources in Chinese Selected Chrysanthemum Exhibition

DENG Bo  1，2 ， WANG Ya-lei  1 ， LIN Si-si  1 ， ZHANG Yu  1 ， GUAN Zhi-yong  1 ， FANG Wei-min  1 ，  CHEN Fa-di  1 ，  WANG Hai-bin  1

（1.College of Horticulture， Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Landscape Design， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Nanjing 210095，China; 2.Nanjing Shanghui Horticulture Co.， Ltd.， Nanjing 210095，China）

Abstract：   The purpose of this research is to understand the current resources situation of traditional chrysanthemum varieties exhibited， and lay the foundation for further carrying out general investigation， sorting， protection and utilization of traditional chrysanthemum cultivars systematically. Referring to the “Testing Guidelines for New Plant Variety Specificity， Consistency and Stability： Chrysanthemum”， four qualitative characters including petal type， flower type， flower color and leaf shape， and five quantitative characters including plant height， flower diameter， leaf length （including petiole）， leaf width and stem diameter of the traditional chrysanthemum cultivars exhibited at the Seventh Chinese Selected Chrysanthemum Exhibition， the Eighth Chinese Selected Chrysanthemum Exhibition， the Thirteenth Chinese Chrysanthemum Exhibition and the Eighth Hushu Chrysanthemum Exhibition were recorded and analyzed. A total of 304 traditional chrysanthemum cultivars were investigated， and the main petal types were spoon-type and tubular-type. Flower colors of most of the cultivars were yellow， white and secondary color， the main leaf shapes were normal and long. Coefficient of variation of the five quantitative characters were distributed between 20% and 29%. Correlation between the stem diameter and plant height was significant positive， and the other two of the quantitative characters were in highly significant positive correlation. At the same time， it was found that some phenomena extisted in many traditional chrysanthemum cultivars， such as homonym and synonym. It is indicated that there are a large number of traditional chrysanthemum cultivars， which are rich in genetic variation types. In the future， we should strengthen the protection， collection， arranging and evaluation of the chrysanthemum cultivars， and make effort on the protection of rare cultivars， accelerate the construction of scientific and rational classification and protection system for chrysanthemum cultivars.

Key words：  selected chrysanthemum exhibition; traditional chrysanthemum; resource investigation; character record; cultivar protection

菊花（ Chrysanthemum morifolium ）是菊科菊属多年生草本花卉，原产地为中国，栽培历史悠久，是中国十大传统名花之一  [1] 。菊花品种繁多，姿态各式各样，观赏价值和经济价值极高，深受民众喜爱，因此在全球各地均有种植  [2] 。菊花可分为传统菊、切花菊、园林小菊和功能性菊花等不同品种群，其中传统菊是菊花品种的重要组成部分，具有1 600余年的栽培历史。……