张学智 王继岩 张藤丽 李柏霖 焉莉

摘要：  為评估中国农业系统目前氧化亚氮（ N 2 O ）排放量和各区域分布特点，采用联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）推荐方法，结合官方统计数据，对全国各区域农作物种植及粪便管理过程中产生的氧化亚氮排放量进行评估。结果表明：2018年全国农业活动带来的氧化亚氮排放量为 7.333× 10 5 t，其中农用地的氧化亚氮排放量最大，约占总排量的62.69%;禽畜粪便管理过程中估算的 N 2 O 排放量约占总排放量的37.31%。从空间分布上看，各地域氧化亚氮排放量差异明显，其中中南地区排放量最大，其次是华东、西南、东北和华北地区，西北地区排放量最小。针对中国种植业及畜牧业相关特点，建议通过合理施氮及改善灌溉模式来提高田间管理措施;通过适当调整养殖结构、改善存储环境和改进粪便处理方式来降低氧化亚氮排放量，探索种养结合、循环利用等低碳新农业模式，实现氧化亚氮减排和科学管控。

关键词：  氧化亚氮; 温室气体; 农业

中图分类号：  S181    文献标识码： A    文章编号：  1000-4440（2021）05-1215-09

Assessment of nitrous oxide emissions from Chinese agricultural system and low-carbon measures

ZHANG Xue-zhi， WANG Ji-yan， ZHANG Teng-li， LI Bo-lin， YAN Li

（College of Resources and Environment， Jilin Agricultural University， Changchun 130118， China）

Abstract：   To evaluate the emission amount of nitrous oxide of Chinese agriculture system and its regional distribution characteristics in different regions of China， methods recommended by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） combined with official statistical data were adopted to evaluate emission amount of nitrous oxide generated in the process of crop planting and manure management. The results showed that， in 2018， the emission amount of nitrous oxide from agricultural activities in China was  7.333× 10  5  t， of which the emission from the farmland was the largest， which accounted for 62.69% of the total emissions; emission amount of nitrous oxide from livestock manure management accounted for 37.31% of the total emissions. From the perspective of spatial distribution， there were obvious differences in nitrous oxide emissions among different regions. In view of the nitrous oxide emissions， the middle South region of China was the largest， followed by the East， Southwest， Northeast and North regions of China， the Northwest region of China had the least emission. According to the characteristics of planting industry and animal husbandry in China， it is suggested to improve the field management measures by reasonable nitrogen application and improving irrigation mode; it is also suggested to reduce the emissions of nitrous oxide by appropriately adjusting the breeding structure， improving the storage environment and perfecting the manure treating mode， and it is suggested to explore new agricultural modes with low carbon emissions such as combination of planting and breeding， cyclic utilization to achieve emission reduction and scientific control of nitrous oxide.

Key words：  nitrous oxide; greenhouse gas; agriculture

氧化亚氮（ N 2 O ）是仅次于二氧化碳（CO  2 ）和甲烷（CH  4 ）的全球第三大温室气体， N 2 O 虽然排放量较低，但其温室效应潜力却是CO  2 的296倍，且 N 2 O 是一种长期存在的气体  [1-2] ，其造成全球变暖的潜力不容小觑。 N 2 O 同时也是破坏臭氧层的重要气体之一，其能力与氢氯氟碳化物相当  [3] 。Syakila等  [4] 对全球 N 2 O 的研究结果表明， N 2 O 具有多种排放源，其中农业是产生氧化亚氮的最大来源，农业在为我们提供粮食的同时也在不断释放温室气体改变着环境。……