阎金龙 覃树林 张宪宝 王新明 肖林

摘要：受居民生活水平提高、家庭结构简化及人口老龄化等因素的影响，宠物猫和犬作为家庭情感伴侣，越来越受到人们的喜爱。宠物家庭角色的类人化趋势，持续推动着宠物行业的扩容，宠物食品行业规模也随之扩大。宠物与主人相处的时间越长，感情越深，但宠物猫和犬的寿命相对于人而言，就显得很短了，因此，宠物主人们更加希望针对老年猫和犬生理和营养吸收特点，从食物及营养角度入手，改善亚健康、预防常见疾病方面开发一些功能性的食品和产品，以期改善老年宠物的生活质量。本文阐述了宠物猫和犬的消化生理特点、营养代谢类疾病及常规对策、健康与营养调控、肠道微生态与健康关系、芯源康®在猫和犬保健食品中的应用研究进展等内容。

关键词：宠物、猫、犬、消化、代谢疾病、营养调控

Abstract： Influenced by the improvement of residents' living standards， simplification of family structure and aging of population， pet cats and dogs are becoming more and more popular as family emotional partners. The humanization of the pet family role continues to drive the expansion of the pet industry， and the size of the pet food industry also expands. Pet to get along with his master， the longer the more deep feelings， but the cat and dog life relative to the people， it is very short， therefore， more hope for pet owners older cats and dogs physiology and nutrition absorption characteristics， from the perspective of food and nutrition， improve health， prevention of common diseases in some functional food and product development， To improve the quality of life of elderly pets. In this paper， the digestive physiological characteristics of pet cats and dogs， nutrition and metabolic diseases and their conventional countermeasures， health and nutrition regulation， the relationship between intestinal microecology and health， and the application of Xinyuankang ® in health food for cats and dogs were reviewed.

Key words： Pet， Cat， Dog， Digestive， Metabolic diseases， Nutrition regulation

一、貓和犬的消化生理特点

宠物的消化生理特点与人、大型反刍动物的消化生理特点等存在不同，进而表现出食品营养吸收过程明显的差异性。不同类型宠物的消化道生理特点及肠道功能也存在着差异性。就中国家庭最常见的宠物猫和犬而言，它们都是以肉食为主的杂食性动物，他们的代谢与营养需求又存在着不同。猫和犬的生理构造、进食习性与肉食动物相同，特别是猫绝对需要来自肉食的营养，否则生命便无法延续。犬和猫的牙齿尖，咬合力强，吃食快，消化道都很短，消化道中均缺乏唾液淀粉酶，对淀粉类碳水化合物的消化力较差，消化道不具备合成维生素D的能力，需要外源补充维生素D。……