王宏利 卜朝阳 曾艳华 龙蔷宇

摘  要：为揭示建兰种质间的亲缘关系，促进建兰种质资源的有效保护和利用。本研究利用ISSR标记分析了源于中国各地的39份建兰品种，并采用UPGMA方法进行了聚类分析。结果表明：6个ISSR引物对39份建兰品种的基因组DNA进行扩增，共扩増出64条清晰条带，其中57条为多态性条带。平均每条引物检测到的条带数为11条，多态性条带10条，多态性比率为89.88%。通过UPGMA法进行聚类分析表明供试材料的遗传相似系数在0.500～0.953之间，供试材料被分为6群集，说明ISSR标记在建兰的品种间具有丰富的多态性，能够很好地揭示建兰品种间的亲缘关系。本研究结果可为建兰种质资源品种鉴定及杂交育种等提供理论依据。

关键词：建兰;ISSR;遗传多样性分析;聚类分析

中图分类号：S682.31      文献标识码：A

Study on Genetic Diversity of Cymbidium Ensifolium Germplasm Based on ISSR Marker

WANG Hongli， BU Chaoyang*， ZENG Yanhua*， LONG Qiangyu

Flower Research Institute， Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanning， Guangxi 530007， China

Abstract： To reveal the genetic relationship between C. ensifolium germplasm， promote the effective protection and utilization of C. ensifolium germplasm resources. In this study， ISSR markers were used to analyze 39 C. ensifolium varieties originating from various parts of China， and cluster analysis was performed using UPGMA method. The results showed that 6 ISSR primers amplified the genomic DNA of 39 C. ensifolium varieties， and a total of 64 clear bands were amplified， including 57 polymorphic bands. The average number of bands detected per primer was 11， polymorphic bands were 10 and the polymorphic ratio was 89.88%. Cluster analysis by UPGMA method showed that the genetic similarity coefficient of the test materials was between 0.500–0.953， and the test materials were divided into 6 clusters， indicating that ISSR markers are rich in polymorphism in C. ensifolium varieties， which can Reveal the relationship between C. ensifolium varieties. The results of this study can provide a basis for the identification and cross breeding of C. ensifolium germplasm resources.

Keywords： Cymbidium ensifolium; ISSR; genetic diversity analysis; cluster analysis

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.09.012

建蘭[Cymbidium ensifolium（L.） Sw.]属于国兰的一大种群。花浅黄绿色，芳香。与其他种类国兰明显区别是，花期较长且可多次开花，故又名四季兰。常见栽培品种包括金丝马尾、凤尾素、小桃红、龙岩素、铁骨素、君荷、朝阳三星蝶等。喜温暖湿润和半阴环境，耐寒性差，越冬温度不低于3 ℃，怕强光直射，不耐水涝和干旱，宜疏松肥沃和排水良好的腐叶上。建兰不仅观赏价值高，还可以入药使用，有极高的经济价值。

由于兰属植物品类繁多，种间和品种间的杂交严重，导致遗传背景错综复杂，谱系亲缘关系模糊不清，严重影响到兰属种质鉴定、品种改良和新品种的培育与开发利用。因此，加强对建兰种质资源遗传多样性与进化的研究对建兰种质资源保护和利用以及新品种培育具有重要意义。……