胡建忠 闫晓玲 张东为 赵越

摘 要 通过对三北地区不同类型沙棘叶片参数的测定分析，结果表明：在三北地区3个典型区域，杂交沙棘叶片多条形，钝尖，叶柄较长，而中国沙棘叶片呈披针形;叶面积以杂雄沙棘最大，引进大果沙棘次之，杂雌沙棘较小，各乡土沙棘最小;叶产量随雌雄株、区域不同变化很大，“杂雄优1号”叶产量较“杂雌优54号”高出3.6倍，同一品种“杂雄优1号”叶产量，辽宁朝阳比甘肃庆阳能高出2.4倍。在三北地区，杂雄沙棘叶面积大，叶产量高，具有很好的种植和叶用开发价值。

关键词 杂交沙棘;引进沙棘;乡土沙棘;叶片参数;三北

中图分类号：S793.6 文献标识码：A doi：10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2021.05.019

Abstract Through the measurement and analysis of the leaf parameter of different types of Hippophae rhamnoides in the Sanbei Area，the shape of leaves of hybrid Hippophae rhamnoides is mainly strip type，blunt apex，with long stalk，while that of native Chinese one lanceolate，in the three typical areas in the Three-North Areas. The order of leaf areas as follows：hybrid male，introduced，hybrid female，and native from high to low. Leaf yields vary with sex （male or female），and locations. The leaf yield of cultivar “Zaciyou 1” is 3.6 times as higher as that of “Zaciyou 54”. For the same cultivar “Zaxiongyou 1”，the leaf yield in Chaoyang，Liaoning is 2.4 times as higher as in Qingyang，Gansu. The hybrid male Hippophae rhamnoides has the large leaf area and yield，and should be planted for leaf picking and further development.

Key words hybrid Hippophae rhamnoides;introduced Hippophae rhamnoides;native Hippophae rhamnoides;leaf parameter;Three-North Areas

沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides）被广泛运用于三北地区生态建设和工业原料林建设两个战场，因其果实富含黄酮和ω-3脂肪酸等生物活性成分，多年来得到了充分的开发利用，经济效益很高[1]。各地生产实践中除运用乡土沙棘外，还从俄罗斯引进大果沙棘，选育俄中杂交沙棘，供建立沙棘种植园用。从大果沙棘引种情况[2，3]来看，东北和新疆生长较好，而在黄土高原地区普遍结实不良。杂交沙棘的适宜生长地区与大果沙棘基本上是重合的，表现也一样[4]。事实上，在一些沙棘结实不理想地区，沙棘叶片等营养生长不错，加之沙棘叶片同样也是一种很好的提取生物活性成分的材料[5]，可以作为资源进行开发利用。因此，在三北地区一些沙棘果实产量不太理想的地区，可以重点种植“叶用型”沙棘，系统开发利用沙棘叶片资源。……