谢晓丽

摘 要 为了进一步分析干旱地区蒙古栎混交林在水土保持方面的效果，在辽西沙区选择营建5 a的蒙古栎+大扁杏混交林进行了调查，以植被盖度、植物种类、地表径流量、土壤流失量作为指标开展分析，结果表明：蒙古栎混交林营建5 a后其林间植被的盖度（100%）、种类多样性（19种）均大于对照处理;林间的地表径流量、地表流失量均为0，极显著低于对照处理。辽西地区的蒙古栎+大扁杏的混交林对提高地表植被盖度、恢复植被多样性、降低地表径流及土壤流失等方面有着积极的作用。

关键词 蒙古栎;大扁杏;混交林;植被;水土保持

中图分类号：S714.7 文献标识码：A doi：10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2021.05.018

Abstract In order to further analyze the effects of Quercus mongolica mixed forest on soil and water conservation in arid areas，a 5-year-old Quercus mongolica and Prunus armeniaca mixed forest was selected for investigation in the sandy area of western Liaoning Province.The vegetation coverage，plant species，surface runoff，the amount of soil loss was used as an indicator to conduct analysis.Result shows that the vegetation coverage （100%） and species diversity （19 species） of five-year-old Quercus mongolica mixed forest after the establishment of the mixed forest are greater than the control treatment; the surface runoff & surface loss in the forests are both 0，which is extremely significantly lower than the control treatment. The main reason is that the vegetation coverage in the mixed forest is large and the diversity is rich. In addition，the area where the mixed forest is located belongs to the water erosion area of Liaoning Province，and the runoff caused by wind erosion is generally ignored，so the runoff is 0，and the amount of soil loss is also 0. The mixed forest of Quercus mongolica & Prunus armeniaca in western Liaoning Province has a positive effect on increasing surface vegetation coverage，restoring vegetation diversity，reducing surface runoff and soil loss，etc.

Key words Quercus mongolica; Prunus armeniaca;mixed forest vegetation;soil and water conservation

在水土保持學的研究中，土壤的侵蚀、地表径流是其中主要的研究内容，两者之间联系紧密。目前很多学者在开展这2项内容的研究时选择的方法一般为标准径流小区法，定量化地开展分析，因此，径流小区法在目前实际应用中被广泛采用[1，2]。辽西地区的气候干旱，形成了非常脆弱、敏感的生态系统。当地的沙尘来源主要是科尔沁南缘，亟须开展对当地脆弱沙地的改造[3，4]。辽西地区具有代表性的一类树种即为蒙古栎（Quercus mongolica），其根系发达、抗旱能力强，耐瘠薄的土壤条件;此外山杏（Armeniaca sibirica）在当地也大面积种植，相关的研究表明，相对于油松（Pinus tabulaeformis）等，山杏林地内土壤的有机质含量更高，容重相对更低[5]，对土壤理化性质的改善效果相对更好。以山杏为亲本培育的大扁杏品种将山杏亲代较强的抗逆能力继承了下来，不仅抗旱耐寒，而且经济效益更加明显，是辽西等沙地区域优选用于营建水土保持林、经济林[6]的树种。……