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不同处理方法对切花芍药花期的影响

2021-11-07陈爱昌柳健

防护林科技 2021年5期

陈爱昌 柳健

摘 要 通过对不同品种切花芍藥采取低温贮藏、外源激素处理等手段,在标准环境条件下,观察了瓶插后花期、单朵花开花率、花枝感病及鲜质量损失情况。结果表明:鲜切花枝鲜质量损失率品种间虽有差异,但在4~6 ℃低温贮藏条件下,贮藏时间不超过60 d,总鲜质量损失率<15.5%;切花芍药的花期、开花率变化不大,花枝感病率低或不感病;经过一定浓度外源激素处理,可有效影响单朵切花芍药的花期。

关键词 切花芍药;低温贮藏;外源激素;花期

中图分类号:S682.1 文献标识码:A doi:10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2021.05.016

Abstract Different varieties of cut flowers for Paeonia lactiflora were treated with low temperature storage and exogenous hormones under standard environmental conditions,and the difference of blooming stage,single flower flowering rate and fresh weight loss were observed after vase insertion. Result shows that although the fresh weight loss rate of fresh cut flower branches is different among varieties,the blooming stage and blooming rate of cut flowers for Paeonia lactiflora has little change under the low temperature storage condition of 4-6 ℃ as long as the storage time is not more than 60 days and the loss rate of total fresh weight is less than 15.5%,the infection rate of flower branches is also low; exogenous hormone treatment with a certain concentration could effectively affect the blooming stage of Paeonia lactiflora .

Key words cut flowers for Paeonia lactiflora;low temperature storage;exogenous hormone treatment;blooming stage

芍药(Paeonia lactiflora)为毛茛科芍药属,是我国的传统名花之一,具有悠久的栽培历史。芍药主要分布在北温带,在我国的山东、河南、安徽、江苏、山西、河北、北京、上海等省市均有栽植,怕积水,对土壤要求不严,适应性较强,尤以含盐量中等、pH5~7.8、通透性较好的沙壤土为佳。我国产15种,山东省产1种,栽培品种极多[1],以切花生产为主[2]。

在我国黄河中下游地区,芍药花期大多在4月中旬—5月中旬,因其花大(有的品种盛花期花茎大于20 cm)、花艳、多色等特点,深受行业及消费者欢迎。然而,在自然条件下,单一品种的单朵花,花期15~17 d(自第1片花瓣翘离花蕾开始,至花瓣全部脱落),最具观赏价值的时间(为初开到整朵花中约20%花瓣脱落)更短,仅有7~10 d,且这个时间受周边环境温度影响较大;另外,虽然芍药栽培品种较多,但各品种花期重叠、集中,全部品种芍药的花期只有20~23 d。因此,为延长切花芍药花期,本文采用不同的处理方法,研究对切花芍药花期的影响。……

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