张娟 吴俊杰 汤行昊 范辉华 王志洁

摘 要 紫杉醇是十分畅销的抗癌药物，采用红豆杉进行生物提取是生产紫杉醇的唯一商业途径。鉴于不同品种的红豆杉不同部位中紫杉醇含量差异明显，从可持续发展的角度考虑，确定选择枝叶中紫杉醇含量较高的云南红豆杉作为品种引进的方向。云南红豆杉主要分布在滇西的9个县市。这9个县的资源量分别占该云南红豆杉野外分布面积的77%，蓄積量的82%及株数的83%。9个产地中，腾冲居群的云南红豆杉紫杉醇含量最高，达0.025 8%，较丽江（纳西）居群的云南红豆杉高出了近20%，且腾冲的气候特征与引种目的地福建省三明市明溪县最为接近，因而选择腾冲地区作为云南红豆杉种质资源调查、收集的重点，有利于高紫杉醇红豆杉品种的选育和在明溪县的产业化发展。

关键词 红豆杉;紫杉醇;气候特征;引种策略

中图分类号：S791.49 文献标识码：A doi：10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2021.05.011

Abstract Taxol is a very popular anticancer drug. Biological extraction from Taxus genus is the only commercial way to produce taxol. In view of the obvious difference of taxol content in different parts of different Taxus species，from the point of view of sustainable development，T. yunnanensis with higher taxol content in branches and leaves was selected as the direction of variety introduction. Taxus yunnanensis is mainly distributed in nine counties in western Yunnan Province. The resources of these nine counties account for 77% of the field distribution area，82% of the stock volume and 83% of the number of Taxus ‘yunnanensis’ .Among the nine producing areas，the taxol content of T. yunnanensis in the Tengchong population is the highest，reaching 0.025 8%，which is nearly 20% higher than that of Taxus yunnanensis in the Lijiang（Naxi） population.and the climatic characteristics of Tengchong are closest to Mingxi County，Sanming City，Fujian Province. Therefore，Tengchong area is selected as the focus of germplasm resources investigation and collection，which is conducive to breeding of high-taxol yew varieties and the development of industrialization in Mingxi County.

Key words Taxus genus;taxol;climatic characteristics;introduction strategy

从红豆杉（Taxus genus）中提取的紫杉醇具有抑制癌细胞增殖、扩散、迁移和治疗包括乳腺癌、肺癌在内的多种癌症的功效[1-3]。而紫杉醇目前尚不能人工合成，利用红豆杉枝叶直接提取紫杉醇或者提取10DAB再经过一系列化学处理合成紫杉醇仍是我国紫杉醇生产的重要途径[4]。但野生红豆杉资源有限，且均为国家一级保护植物[5-7]。明溪县红豆杉栽培种植历史悠久，全国最大的紫杉烷类产品供应商福建南方制药股份有限公司就坐落于此。然而，由于缺乏以高紫杉醇红豆杉种质为繁殖材料进行扩繁培育的红豆杉原料种植基地，福建南方制药股份有限公司每年需要向欧洲进口300 t红豆杉干料（紫杉醇含量为0.15%）以弥补公司生产性原料的不足。……