宝秋利 梁显丽 代海燕 王晓江

摘 要 树种气候适宜性是各地区在确定造林树种时需要考虑的首要因素。通过对内蒙古119个气象站点近30年来的气象数据进行计算，得出各站点温暖指数和干湿度指数，采用半峰法并结合其与经纬度、海拔的回归方程得出云杉及冷杉的温度、湿度和综合区划图。区划结果表明：云杉在大兴安岭北部岭上易受低温胁迫，而在东部偏南和西部则易受高温影响;大兴安岭北段、岭东大部、南段高海拔地区湿度适宜，是云杉适宜的主要区域。冷杉适宜区域主要在大兴安岭、大兴安岭南段周边到燕山山系北端，中部仅大青山、蛮汉山等地区适宜分布。

关键词 气候适宜性;气候区划;温暖指数;干湿指数;半峰宽法;针叶树

中图分类号：S791.14;791.18 文献标识码：A doi：10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2021.05.010

Abstract The climate suitability of tree species is the top priority factor to the selection of afforestation species in various regions. Meteoro logical data in recent 30 years determined by 119 meteorological stations（1984-2013）in Inner Mongolia were used to calculate the site warmth index and humidity/aridity index. Using the half peak width method and the regression equation of warmth index and humidity /aridity index with the longitude and latitude and altitude，the temperature and humidity and comprehensive zoning map of Picea asperata & Abies fabricwere concluded. Result indicates that Picea asperata is easily influenced by lower temperature in the northern Daxing’anling Mountains，while it is easily affected by higher temperature in the southeast and west of the Daxing’anling Mountains; the humidity is appropriate to Picea asperata in north，east & south higher altitude area of the Daxing’anling Mountains，and it is main suitable region of Picea asperata. Climate suitable area of Abies fabri mainly distributed in the Daxing’anling Mountains，around the southern of Daxing’anling Mountains，and the northern of the Yanshan mountains. Daqingshan and Manhan Mountains are suitable distribution region to Abies fabric in central Inner Mongolia.

Key words climatic adaptability;climatic division;warmth index;humidity and aridity index;half peak width method;coniferous tree

內蒙古属典型中温带季风气候，降水量少而不匀，气候干燥。受地形和海洋的影响，该地区年降水量自东向西由500 mm递减为50 mm左右[1]。内蒙古横跨我国东北、华北、西北地区，是林业大省，也是我国北疆重要的生态屏障。各地区植被都有其相适应的气候环境，这对本地区造林树种的选择非常重要。人工林建设不能过度依赖人为管护，这样会大大增加植树造林的成本，而一旦失去管护就会导致衰退及再改造，造成资金的极大浪费。气候是决定地球上植被类型及物种分布的最主要因素，其中温度和湿度及两者结合状况又是决定植被分布的主导因子[2]。在植物生态学中研究植物与温度之间关系方法众多，各不相同，但目前国际上被公认的是Kira热量指标与干湿度指标，二者是探讨植被分布的主要方法依据[3-5]。……