周鹏飞 张世文 卜中原 刘俊 宋强 舒玮

摘 要：为实现对矿区科学有效的生态修复，该研究以粤北南岭某金属矿废弃地为研究对象，通过地形测绘、野外调查等方法了解其环境现状，分析了当前矿业废弃地存在的问题。针对不同类型矿业废弃地，构建了“原状基质改良-直接立体植被配置”的技术模式，提出了包括地形重塑、土壤重构、植被重建和设施配套等关键技术，并从经济、社会和环境3个方面分析了生态修复效益。研究结果可为粤北南岭及同类型矿业废弃地治理提供技术支撑。

關键词：矿业废弃地;生态修复模式;关键技术;效益

中图分类号 X171.4  文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）20-0146-04

Discussion on the Ecological Rehabilitation and Governance Model of Mining Wasteland

——Taking a Metal Mine Abandoned Land in Nanling， northern Guangdong as an Example

ZHOU Pengfei1 et al.

（1School of Earth and Environment， Anhui University of Science and Technology， Huainan 232001， China）

Abstract： In order to realize the scientific and effective ecological restoration of the mining area， a metal mine wasteland in Nanling， northern Guangdong Province was taken as the research object， and the current situation of the environment was understood through topographic surveying and field surveys， the current problems in mining wastelands were analyzed. For different types of mining wastelands， a technical model of "improvement of undisturbed substrate-direct three-dimensional vegetation configuration" had been constructed. The key technologies including terrain remodeling， soil reconstruction， vegetation reconstruction and supporting facilities were put forward， and the benefits of ecological restoration were analyzed from three aspects： economy， society and environment. The research results can provide technical support for the management of Nanling and similar mining wastelands in northern Guangdong.

Key words： Mining wasteland; Ecological restoration model; Key technology; Benefit

矿业废弃地不仅是矿产资源开采后废弃的采矿作业场地，也是矿产资源开发的伴生产物，矿业活动在导致塌陷、挖损、压占等土地损毁的同时，也破坏了矿区及其周边的地形地貌景观、植被资源和生态环境，继而对矿区及其周边生物多样性产生了不同程度的影响[1]。对矿业废弃地的治理，不仅是保障生态文明和耕地安全的重要措施，也是贯彻绿色发展观和“山水林田湖草生命共同体”整体系统观的重要内容。

如何对矿业废弃地进行治理，一直是国内外企业及学者所关注的热点问题。近年来，国内外学者对不同矿种矿业废弃地的治理问题开展了大量的研究，如废弃煤矿[2]、金属矿[3，4]、废弃建材矿[5]等。综合各类研究成果，矿业废弃地的治理措施主要是一些工程措施，如削坡、护坡、绿化养护等[6]。……