赵天宇　石娟娟

摘 要：轴承是旋转机械的关键部件，其健康状态对于保障设备的稳定和安全运行至关重要。然而由于其工作环境恶劣、工况多变，使得轴承极易发生故障，从而危及设备运行安全。因此，对轴承实施故障诊断极具意义。当前对轴承故障诊断的工作主要集中在信号处理方法上，存在故障机理研究不足的问题。而故障机理研究是轴承故障特征提取的理论基础，信号处理方法是故障特征提取实现的手段，二者相互依赖相互促进。因此，需要将机理分析和信号处理相结合，形成协同策略，在追根溯源的基础上实现特征提取和故障诊断，构建更为科学和完备的轴承故障诊断理论体系。

关键词：故障诊断 轴承 机理分析 故障特征提取

Mechanism Analysis of Bearing Fault Diagnosis and Research on Synergistic Strategy of Signal Processing

Zhao Tianyu，Shi Juanjuan

Abstract：Bearings are one of the key components of rotating machinery， whose health condition is significant for the stable and safe operation of the devices. However， the bearing is prone to be failure due to the harsh and time-varying working environment， which results in a potential threat for the safe operation of rotating machinery. Thus， the bearing fault diagnosis is indispensable for the industry. At present， most work related to the bearing fault diagnosis is concentrated on the development of signal processing algorithm; however， the work oriented to the fault mechanism analysis is insufficient. Essentially， the fault mechanism and signal processing analyses rely on and support each other. The former forms the base for the fault feature extraction of bearing and the latter is a means for extracting the fault feature. Therefore， it is recommended that the fault mechanism analysis and signal processing algorithm development should be integrated to establish the cooperative strategy for constructing the scientific and comprehensive bearing fault diagnosis system.

Key words：fault diagnosis， bearing， fault mechanism analysis， fault feature extraction

1 引言

機械设备是工业生产中的关键设备，对制造业、国民经济的发展至关重要。滚动轴承由于摩擦小、结构紧凑、转速高以及使用寿命长等优点在工业生产中获得了广泛应用，是旋转机械的关键部件[1]。但由于滚动轴承工作环境恶劣，工况复杂多变，因而极易发生故障[2]。据不完全统计，旋转机械40%以上的故障是由于轴承故障引起的[3]。轴承一旦出现故障且未被及时检测出来，极易造成整个设备停歇，甚至引发安全事故和重大经济损失，正是所谓的“千里长堤，溃于蚁穴”。因此，对滚动轴承的故障诊断研究对于保证设备的安全运行和避免惨重经济损失极具意义。在国家战略层面上，《中国机械工……