何红庄

摘 要：本文设计了一种应用于脉冲功率电源的高压、大容量、长寿命金属化膜电容器。从理论计算出发，对照经验数据库，综合考虑电容器的额定电压、峰值电流、工作频率等指标，得出膜材取值范围和电容器可选元件子集;应用计算机3D拟合等仿真技术，反复迭代出匹配基材的最优元件大小及元件空间布局方案，确定了电路拓扑、芯子结构及绝缘方案。同时，搭建全工况试验平台，测试了电容器的电压、工作电流、寿命等性能指标。测试结果表明：电容器容值217 μF，在额定电压为35 kV、工作电流为35 kA、反峰大于10%工况下，寿命大于40 000次。

关键词：高压;大容量;仿真迭代;长寿命;脉冲电容器

中图分类号：TM531.2文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-5168（2021）15-0041-05

Abstract： A high-voltage， large-capacity， and long-life metalized film capacitor used in pulsed power supplies was designed. Starting from theoretical calculations， comparing with the empirical database， comprehensively considering the capacitor's rated voltage， peak current， working frequency and other indicators， the film material value range and the subset of capacitor optional components were obtained; computer 3D fitting and other simulation techniques were used to iterate repeatedly. The optimal component size and component space layout plan of the matching substrate was developed， and the circuit topology， core structure and insulation plan were determined. A test platform for all working conditions was built to test the capacitor's performance indicators such as voltage， working current， and life. The test results show that the capacitor has a capacitance value of 217 μF， a rated voltage of 35 kV， an operating current of 35 kA， an inverse peak greater than 10% ， and the service life is greater than 40，000 times.

Keywords： high voltage;high-capacity;simulation iteration;long life;pulse capacitor

脈冲功率电源系统一般具有电压高、电流大等特点，并且往往对瞬时功率、储能密度以及储能规模的要求较高[1]。高压、大容量、长寿命的脉冲电容器是脉冲功率电源的核心部件，电容器的综合性能直接影响甚至体现了脉冲功率装置的性能。在科研及工业应用领域，开发新材料和新工艺，应用计算机3D拟合等辅助设计进行仿真迭代[2]，研发低电感和低内阻、能耐受大电流且具有长寿命的脉冲电容器，是脉冲源技术发展的一个重要方向。当前，国内外较成功的脉冲源系统主要是以双向拉伸聚丙烯（Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene，BOPP）薄膜的金属化膜脉冲电容器作为储能元件[3]。我国“神光”等系列国家大科学工程，对该类电容器有大规模需求，后续项目需要的电容器性能也不断提升。……